Formulation with CpG ODN enhances antibody responses to an equine influenza virus vaccine.
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that protection against equine influenza virus (EIV) is partially mediated by virus-specific IgGa and IgGb. In this study we tested whether addition of a CpG ODN formulation to a commercial killed virus vaccine would enhance EIV-specific IgGa and IgGb antibody responses, and improve protection against an experimental EIV challenge. Thirty naïve horses were assigned to one of three groups and vaccinated as follows: 10 were given vaccine (Encevac TC4, Intervet Inc.) alone, 10 were given vaccine plus 0.25 mg CpG ODN 2007 formulated with 30% Emulsigen (CpG/Em), and 10 controls were given saline. All horses were challenged with live virus 12 weeks after the final vaccination. Antibody responses were tested by single radial hemolysis (SRH) and ELISA, and protection was evaluated by determination of temperature, coughing, and clinical scores. Killed virus vaccine combined with CpG/Em induced significantly greater serologic responses than did the vaccine alone. All antibody isotypes tested increased after the addition of CpG/Em, although no shift in relative antibody isotypes concentrations was detected. Vaccination significantly improved protection against challenge but the differences between the two vaccine groups were not statistically significant. This study is the first demonstration that CpG/Em enhances antigen-specific antibody responses in horses and supports its potential to be used as an adjuvant for vaccines against equine infections.
Publication Date: 2006-09-06 PubMed ID: 16950519DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.07.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research paper investigates if the addition of a CpG ODN formulation to a commercial equine influenza virus vaccine can enhance the immune response, specifically for the IgGa and IgGb antibodies that partially protect against the virus, and what impact this has on protecting horses from being infected with the virus.
Experiment Design and Methods
- The study conducted an experiment on thirty naïve horses that were randomly assigned to one of three groups. All horses were challenged with live virus 12 weeks after the final vaccination.
- The first group was given an Encevac TC4 vaccine alone. The second group was given the same vaccine along with a CpG ODN 2007 formulation. The third group, acting as a control, was given saline.
- The CpG ODN formulation was designed to stimulate immune responses and was mixed with 30% of Emulsigen, an adjuvant
Measurements and Results
- The antibody responses were measured using single radial hemolysis (SRH) and ELISA tests.
- The protection provided by the vaccines was assessed by measuring the temperature, coughing, and clinical scores of the horses.
- The findings revealed that adding CpG/Em to the killed virus vaccine resulted in significantly stronger antibody responses compared to the vaccine alone.
- All antibody isotypes tested improved with the addition of CpG/Em. However, there was no change in the relative concentrations of different antibody isotypes.
- While vaccination significantly improved protection against the virus, there was no statistically significant difference in protection between the two vaccinated groups.
Conclusions
- This study is the first to show that the integration of CpG/Em into a vaccine enhances the specific antibody response in horses.
- These results suggest the potential for CpG/Em to be used as an additive in vaccines against horse infections.
Cite This Article
APA
Lopez AM, Hecker R, Mutwiri G, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S, Babiuk LA, Townsend HG.
(2006).
Formulation with CpG ODN enhances antibody responses to an equine influenza virus vaccine.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 114(1-2), 103-110.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.07.013 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., S7N 5E3 Canada. marianela.lopez@usak.ca
MeSH Terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic / therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Body Temperature / immunology
- Cough / veterinary
- CpG Islands / immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
- Hemolysis / immunology
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes / blood
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines / therapeutic use
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
- Vaccination / methods
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated / therapeutic use
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Klier J, Fuchs S, Winter G, Gehlen H. Inhalative Nanoparticulate CpG Immunotherapy in Severe Equine Asthma: An Innovative Therapeutic Concept and Potential Animal Model for Human Asthma Treatment.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Aug 16;12(16).
- Yilmaz IC, Ipekoglu EM, Bulbul A, Turay N, Yildirim M, Evcili I, Yilmaz NS, Guvencli N, Aydin Y, Gungor B, Saraydar B, Bartan AG, Ibibik B, Bildik T, Baydemir İ, Sanli HA, Kayaoglu B, Ceylan Y, Yildirim T, Abras I, Ayanoglu IC, Cam SB, Ciftci Dede E, Gizer M, Erganis O, Sarac F, Uzar S, Enul H, Adiay C, Aykut G, Polat H, Yildirim IS, Tekin S, Korukluoglu G, Zeytin HE, Korkusuz P, Gursel I, Gursel M. Development and preclinical evaluation of virus-like particle vaccine against COVID-19 infection.. Allergy 2022 Jan;77(1):258-270.
- Luchner M, Reinke S, Milicic A. TLR Agonists as Vaccine Adjuvants Targeting Cancer and Infectious Diseases.. Pharmaceutics 2021 Jan 22;13(2).
- Paillot R. A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Equine Influenza Vaccination.. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 Nov 14;2(4):797-831.
- Schnabel CL, Steinig P, Koy M, Schuberth HJ, Juhls C, Oswald D, Wittig B, Willenbrock S, Murua Escobar H, Pfarrer C, Wagner B, Jaehnig P, Moritz A, Feige K, Cavalleri JM. Immune response of healthy horses to DNA constructs formulated with a cationic lipid transfection reagent.. BMC Vet Res 2015 Jun 23;11:140.
- Klier J, Lehmann B, Fuchs S, Reese S, Hirschmann A, Coester C, Winter G, Gehlen H. Nanoparticulate CpG immunotherapy in RAO-affected horses: phase I and IIa study.. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Jan;29(1):286-93.
- Cohen ND, Bourquin JR, Bordin AI, Kuskie KR, Brake CN, Weaver KB, Liu M, Felippe MJ, Kogut MH. Intramuscular administration of a synthetic CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide modulates functional responses of neutrophils of neonatal foals.. PLoS One 2014;9(10):e109865.
- Ault A, Zajac AM, Kong WP, Gorres JP, Royals M, Wei CJ, Bao S, Yang ZY, Reedy SE, Sturgill TL, Page AE, Donofrio-Newman J, Adams AA, Balasuriya UB, Horohov DW, Chambers TM, Nabel GJ, Rao SS. Immunogenicity and clinical protection against equine influenza by DNA vaccination of ponies.. Vaccine 2012 Jun 6;30(26):3965-74.
- Flaminio MJ, Borges AS, Nydam DV, Horohov DW, Hecker R, Matychak MB. The effect of CpG-ODN on antigen presenting cells of the foal.. J Immune Based Ther Vaccines 2007 Jan 25;5:1.
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