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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vaccine / Further studies on the efficacy of an inactivated African ho...
Vaccine1994; 12(2); 142-144; doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(94)90052-3

Further studies on the efficacy of an inactivated African horse sickness serotype 4 vaccine.

Abstract: The immunity induced by two inoculations of a commercial inactivated African horse sickness (AHS) serotype 4 (AHSV-4) vaccine was studied. No adverse reaction was observed in five horses following vaccination. Following challenge-inoculation, no clinical signs attributable to AHS, no viraemia indicating infection, and no anamnestic response was observed in the vaccinated ponies. Two control ponies developed clinical signs typical of AHS, high levels of viraemia, and died 7 and 8 days postchallenge-inoculation. The quality of immunity induced by the two-dose regimen was compared with a one-dose regimen from a previous study; in the one-dose study following challenge-inoculation, six of nine ponies were protected from clinical signs of AHS, seven of the nine vaccinated ponies developed an anamnestic response, and one pony had a viraemia about 10(3) 50% mouse lethal dose of AHSV-4 per ml of blood for 3 days following challenge-inoculation. The utility of an efficacious inactivated AHS vaccine in the control and eradication of AHS from a non-endemic area is discussed. The lack of viraemia following vaccination with an inactivated vaccine and the prevention of vector infection by animals exposed to field virus are important in the eradication of AHS.
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Publication Date: 1994-02-01 PubMed ID: 8147096DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(94)90052-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper examines the effectiveness of a commercially available, inactivated vaccine for African Horse Sickness (AHS), specifically for serotype 4 (AHSV-4), using test and control groups of ponies. The findings suggest that the two-dose immunization seems to be more effective in preventing symptoms, viraemia (presence of viruses in the blood), and adverse responses when compared to a single-dose regimen from previous study.

Summary of the Experiment

  • The researchers vaccinated horses with a commercial inactivated AHS serotype 4 (AHSV-4) vaccine, observing no adverse reaction after vaccination.
  • In immunity testing, the vaccinated horses were later subjected to a challenge inoculation (introduction of a virus to observe the response). No clinical AHS signs, viraemia, or anamnestic responses (boost in immunity in those previously exposed to the same virus) were noted in vaccinated horses.
  • Meanwhile, the control group ponies that did not receive the vaccine fell severely ill from AHS and exhibited high levels of viraemia, succumbing to the disease within a week of the challenge-inoculation.

Comparison with Previous Studies

  • The researchers compared the results of this two-dose regimen to a single-dose regimen from an earlier study.
  • The single-dose regimen from the previous study was less effective, as a majority of the ponies developed symptoms, anamnestic response, and one also developed viraemia after being exposed to the virus.

Implications of the Inactivated AHS Vaccine

  • Exploring the efficacy of an inactivated AHS vaccine is key for controlling and possibly eradicating AHS, especially in non-endemic areas.
  • The inactivated AHS vaccine used in the study does not cause viraemia, a desirable property in a vaccine as it prevents the transmission of the virus through vectors (organisms that transmit disease).
  • Therefore, the inactivated vaccine could play a crucial role in the prevention of AHS, protecting the health of horses and potentially eradicating AHS in the long run.

Cite This Article

APA
House JA, Lombard M, Dubourget P, House C, Mebus CA. (1994). Further studies on the efficacy of an inactivated African horse sickness serotype 4 vaccine. Vaccine, 12(2), 142-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(94)90052-3

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 0264-410X
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Pages: 142-144

Researcher Affiliations

House, J A
  • USDA, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island, NY 11944.
Lombard, M
    Dubourget, P
      House, C
        Mebus, C A

          MeSH Terms

          • African Horse Sickness / immunology
          • African Horse Sickness / microbiology
          • African Horse Sickness / prevention & control
          • African Horse Sickness Virus / classification
          • African Horse Sickness Virus / immunology
          • African Horse Sickness Virus / isolation & purification
          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Viral / blood
          • Female
          • Horses
          • Male
          • Neutralization Tests
          • Serotyping
          • Vaccines, Inactivated / administration & dosage
          • Vaccines, Inactivated / adverse effects
          • Vaccines, Inactivated / pharmacology
          • Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
          • Viral Vaccines / adverse effects
          • Viral Vaccines / pharmacology
          • Viremia / etiology
          • Viremia / prevention & control

          Citations

          This article has been cited 10 times.
          1. Chaiyabutr N, Wattanaphansak S, Tantilerdcharoen R, Akesowan S, Ouisuwan S, Naraporn D. Comparative immune responses after vaccination with the formulated inactivated African horse sickness vaccine serotype 1 between naïve horses and pretreated horses with the live-attenuated African horse sickness vaccine. Vet World 2022 Oct;15(10):2365-2375.
            doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2365-2375pubmed: 36425136google scholar: lookup
          2. Fairbanks EL, Brennan ML, Mertens PPC, Tildesley MJ, Daly JM. Re-parameterization of a mathematical model of African horse sickness virus using data from a systematic literature search. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022 Jul;69(4):e671-e681.
            doi: 10.1111/tbed.14420pubmed: 34921513google scholar: lookup
          3. Rutkowska DA, Mokoena NB, Tsekoa TL, Dibakwane VS, O'Kennedy MM. Plant-produced chimeric virus-like particles - a new generation vaccine against African horse sickness. BMC Vet Res 2019 Dec 3;15(1):432.
            doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2184-2pubmed: 31796116google scholar: lookup
          4. Porphyre T, Grewar JD. Assessing the potential of plains zebra to maintain African horse sickness in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. PLoS One 2019;14(10):e0222366.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222366pubmed: 31671099google scholar: lookup
          5. Calvo-Pinilla E, Gubbins S, Mertens P, Ortego J, Castillo-Olivares J. The immunogenicity of recombinant vaccines based on modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viruses expressing African horse sickness virus VP2 antigens depends on the levels of expressed VP2 protein delivered to the host. Antiviral Res 2018 Jun;154:132-139.
            doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.015pubmed: 29678552google scholar: lookup
          6. van de Water SG, van Gennip RG, Potgieter CA, Wright IM, van Rijn PA. VP2 Exchange and NS3/NS3a Deletion in African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) in Development of Disabled Infectious Single Animal Vaccine Candidates for AHSV. J Virol 2015 Sep;89(17):8764-72.
            doi: 10.1128/JVI.01052-15pubmed: 26063433google scholar: lookup
          7. Kanai Y, van Rijn PA, Maris-Veldhuis M, Kaname Y, Athmaram TN, Roy P. Immunogenicity of recombinant VP2 proteins of all nine serotypes of African horse sickness virus. Vaccine 2014 Sep 3;32(39):4932-7.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.031pubmed: 25045805google scholar: lookup
          8. Alberca B, Bachanek-Bankowska K, Cabana M, Calvo-Pinilla E, Viaplana E, Frost L, Gubbins S, Urniza A, Mertens P, Castillo-Olivares J. Vaccination of horses with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) expressing African horse sickness (AHS) virus major capsid protein VP2 provides complete clinical protection against challenge. Vaccine 2014 Jun 17;32(29):3670-4.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.036pubmed: 24837765google scholar: lookup
          9. Backer JA, Nodelijk G. Transmission and control of African horse sickness in The Netherlands: a model analysis. PLoS One 2011;6(8):e23066.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023066pubmed: 21850252google scholar: lookup
          10. Chiam R, Sharp E, Maan S, Rao S, Mertens P, Blacklaws B, Davis-Poynter N, Wood J, Castillo-Olivares J. Induction of antibody responses to African horse sickness virus (AHSV) in ponies after vaccination with recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA). PLoS One 2009 Jun 22;4(6):e5997.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005997pubmed: 19543394google scholar: lookup
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