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Journal of virology1999; 73(5); 4257-4265; doi: 10.1128/JVI.73.5.4257-4265.1999

Gag protein epitopes recognized by CD4(+) T-helper lymphocytes from equine infectious anemia virus-infected carrier horses.

Abstract: Antigen-specific T-helper (Th) lymphocytes are critical for the development of antiviral humoral responses and the expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Identification of relevant Th lymphocyte epitopes remains an important step in the development of an efficacious subunit peptide vaccine against equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a naturally occurring lentivirus of horses. This study describes Th lymphocyte reactivity in EIAV carrier horses to two proteins, p26 and p15, encoded by the relatively conserved EIAV gag gene. Using partially overlapping peptides, multideterminant and possibly promiscuous epitopes were identified within p26. One peptide was identified which reacted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all five EIAV-infected horses, and three other peptides were identified which reacted with PBMC from four of five EIAV-infected horses. Four additional peptides containing both CTL and Th lymphocyte epitopes were also identified. Multiple epitopes were recognized in a region corresponding to the major homology region of the human immunodeficiency virus, a region with significant sequence similarity to other lentiviruses including simian immunodeficiency virus, puma lentivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, Jembrana disease virus, visna virus, and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. PBMC reactivity to p15 peptides from EIAV carrier horses also occurred. Multiple p15 peptides were shown to be reactive, but not all infected horses had Th lymphocytes recognizing p15 epitopes. The identification of peptides reactive with PBMC from outbred horses, some of which encoded both CTL and Th lymphocyte epitopes, should contribute to the design of synthetic peptide or recombinant vector vaccines for EIAV.
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Publication Date: 1999-04-10 PubMed ID: 10196322PubMed Central: PMC104205DOI: 10.1128/JVI.73.5.4257-4265.1999Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study aims to identify T-helper lymphocyte epitopes in the development of a vaccine against equine infectious anemia virus in horses, focusing on reactivity to two specific proteins, p26 and p15.

Study Overview

The research focuses on equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus affecting horses. Specifically, the authors examined two proteins—p26 and p15—encoded by the EIAV gag gene, associated with T-helper lymphocytes response. These responses are vital for the development of antiviral humoral responses and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) expansion. Identification of relevant T-helper lymphocyte epitopes could represent a significant step in developing an effective subunit peptide vaccine for EIAV.

Procedure and Findings

  • By using partially overlapping peptides, the authors identified multiple and potentially promiscuous epitopes within the p26 protein.
  • One identified peptide reacted with the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of all five EIAV-infected horses used in the study, while three other peptides reacted with PBMC from four out of five horses.
  • Four additional peptides, containing both CTL and T-helper lymphocyte epitopes, were also identified.
  • Notably, multiple epitopes were recognized in an area corresponding to the major homology region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) – a region with significant sequence similarities to other lentiviruses.

Study of p15 Proteins

  • The study also examined PBMC reactivity to p15 proteins from EIAV carrier horses.
  • Various p15 peptides were shown to be reactive, although not all infected horses had T-helper lymphocytes recognizing p15 epitopes.

Implications of the Study

  • The identification of T-helper lymphocyte epitopes reactive with PBMC from different horses, some of which encoded both CTL and T-helper lymphocyte epitopes, could contribute significantly to the creation of synthetic peptide or recombinant vector vaccines for EIAV.
  • This research provides a potential advance in understanding and combating EIAV, which could have broader applications for understanding similar viruses and the immune response they provoke.

Cite This Article

APA
Lonning SM, Zhang W, McGuire TC. (1999). Gag protein epitopes recognized by CD4(+) T-helper lymphocytes from equine infectious anemia virus-infected carrier horses. J Virol, 73(5), 4257-4265. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.73.5.4257-4265.1999

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 73
Issue: 5
Pages: 4257-4265

Researcher Affiliations

Lonning, S M
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
Zhang, W
    McGuire, T C

      MeSH Terms

      • Amino Acid Sequence
      • Animals
      • Capsid / chemical synthesis
      • Capsid / immunology
      • Carrier State
      • Cell Division
      • Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / immunology
      • Gene Products, gag / chemical synthesis
      • Gene Products, gag / immunology
      • Horses
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
      • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / cytology
      • Molecular Sequence Data
      • Peptides / chemical synthesis
      • Peptides / immunology
      • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / immunology
      • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology
      • Viral Core Proteins / chemical synthesis
      • Viral Core Proteins / immunology
      • Viral Matrix Proteins / chemical synthesis
      • Viral Matrix Proteins / immunology

      Grant Funding

      • AI01260 / NIAID NIH HHS
      • AI24291 / NIAID NIH HHS

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 3 times.
      1. Liu C, Cook SJ, Craigo JK, Cook FR, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC, Horohov DW. Epitope shifting of gp90-specific cellular immune responses in EIAV-infected ponies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014 Oct 15;161(3-4):161-9.
        doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.08.001pubmed: 25176006google scholar: lookup
      2. Mealey RH, Littke MH, Leib SR, Davis WC, McGuire TC. Cloning and large-scale expansion of epitope-specific equine cytotoxic T lymphocytes using an anti-equine CD3 monoclonal antibody and human recombinant IL-2. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007 Jul 15;118(1-2):121-8.
        doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.04.001pubmed: 17498813google scholar: lookup
      3. Fraser DG, Oaks JL, Brown WC, McGuire TC. Identification of broadly recognized, T helper 1 lymphocyte epitopes in an equine lentivirus. Immunology 2002 Mar;105(3):295-305.
        doi: 10.1046/j.0019-2805.2001.01370.xpubmed: 11918691google scholar: lookup
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