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Genetic characterization of equine herpesvirus 1 isolates from abortion outbreaks in India.
Abstract: Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) is a common pathogen of horses that causes upper respiratory tract disease, abortion, neonatal death and neurological disease. The neurological form of disease is called equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). During the past decade, the incidence of EHM has been on the rise in Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. Some EHV1 isolates causing EHM exhibit a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the DNA polymerase gene (ORF30) at position 2254 (A to G). Further, based on polymorphism in the ORF68, EHV1 isolates have been classified into different groups. The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic diversity of EHV1 and to determine the prevalence of the neuropathogenic genotype of EHV1 in India. Out of 133 clinical specimens from abortion cases in northern India, 56 were positive for EHV1 infection. Analysis of the A/G SNP by real-time PCR and sequence analysis revealed that 54 of 56 samples (96.43 %) were of the non-neuropathogenic genotype (A), while two (3.57 %) had the neuropathogenic marker (G). Sequence analysis of the polymorphic region of ORF68 of EHV1 isolates (n = 9) from India indicated that the Delhi/1998, Tohana-2/2013, Hisar-2/2014 and Hisar-15/1990 isolates belonged to group 4, while the Jind/1996, Rajasthan/1998, Delhi-3/2007 and Tohana-5/1996 isolates clustered within group 5. One isolate (Hisar-7/1990) exhibited SNPs at positions C and C, forming a separate group. Here, we report for the first time the detection of neuropathogenic genotypes of EHV1 in India and show that Indian EHV1 isolates cluster within groups 4 and 5.
Publication Date: 2016-10-03 PubMed ID: 27699511DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3097-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) and to evaluate the presence of the neuropathogenic genotype of EHV1 among horses in India. Of 133 tested specimens, 56 were EHV1 positive, where 96.43% were of the less harmful genotype and 3.57% were the neuropathogenic variant. This study represents the first identification of neuropathogenic genotypes of EHV1 in the Indian horse population, further classified within groups 4 and 5.
Objective of the Study
- The main aim of this research was to investigate the genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1), a virus causing various health issues in horses such as respiratory disease, abortion, neonatal death, and neurological disease, particularly equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM).
- The research further sought to assess the prevalence of the neuropathogenic genotype of EHV1 in the horse population in India.
Methodology and Findings
- The researchers analyzed 133 clinical specimens retrieved from abortion cases in Northern India.
- Out of the total samples, 56 were found positive for EHV1. Further genetic analysis revealed that 54 of these 56 cases (96.43%) were of the non-neuropathogenic genotype (marked as ‘A’).
- In contrast, only two out of 56 (3.57%) showed the presence of the neuropathogenic marker (designated as ‘G’).
- Additionally, through sequence analysis of the polymorphic region of ORF68 of EHV1 isolates, it was determined that some Indian isolates clustered within group 4 and group 5.
Significance of the Study
- This research represents the first documented discovery of the neuropathogenic genotypes of EHV1 in India, thereby building upon the global understanding of EHV1’s genetic diversity and geographical distribution.
- The findings could provide meaningful insights for veterinary healthcare to monitor, manage, and potentially reduce EHV1 outbreaks, especially regarding the more dangerous neuropathogenic strain.
Cite This Article
APA
Anagha G, Gulati BR, Riyesh T, Virmani N.
(2016).
Genetic characterization of equine herpesvirus 1 isolates from abortion outbreaks in India.
Arch Virol, 162(1), 157-163.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3097-z Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India. brgulati@gmail.com.
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
MeSH Terms
- Abortion, Veterinary / epidemiology
- Abortion, Veterinary / virology
- Animals
- Cluster Analysis
- Disease Outbreaks
- Encephalomyelitis / complications
- Encephalomyelitis / epidemiology
- Encephalomyelitis / veterinary
- Genetic Variation
- Genotype
- Herpesviridae Infections / complications
- Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / classification
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- India / epidemiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prevalence
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Sutton G, Garvey M, Cullinane A, Jourdan M, Fortier C, Moreau P, Foursin M, Gryspeerdt A, Maisonnier V, Marcillaud-Pitel C, Legrand L, Paillot R, Pronost S. Molecular Surveillance of EHV-1 Strains Circulating in France during and after the Major 2009 Outbreak in Normandy Involving Respiratory Infection, Neurological Disorder, and Abortion. Viruses 2019 Oct 4;11(10).
- Preziuso S, Sgorbini M, Marmorini P, Cuteri V. Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 from Italian Horses: Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF30, ORF33, ORF34 and ORF68 Genes. Viruses 2019 Sep 13;11(9).
- Garvey M, Lyons R, Hector RD, Walsh C, Arkins S, Cullinane A. Molecular Characterisation of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Isolates from Cases of Abortion, Respiratory and Neurological Disease in Ireland between 1990 and 2017. Pathogens 2019 Jan 15;8(1).
- Stokol T, Serpa PBS, Brooks MB, Divers T, Ness S. Subcutaneous Administration of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin to Horses Inhibits Ex Vivo Equine Herpesvirus Type 1-Induced Platelet Activation. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:106.
- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Hills SF, Rola J. Genetic characterization of equid herpesvirus type 1 from cases of abortion in Poland. Arch Virol 2017 Aug;162(8):2329-2335.
- Kambayashi Y, Bannai H, Nemoto M, Kawanishi N, Niwa H, Tsujimura K. Comparative analysis of 3 qPCR primer-probe sets for the detection of equid alphaherpesvirus 1. J Vet Diagn Invest 2026 Jan;38(1):77-83.
- Pradhan SS, Balena V, Bera BC, Anand T, Khetmalis R, Madhwal A, Kandasamy S, Pavulraj S, Bernela M, Mor P, Tripathi BN, Virmani N. Multiple Gene Deletion Mutants of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Exhibit Strong Protective Efficacy Against Wild Virus Challenge in a Murine Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2025 Jan 8;13(1).
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