Genetic characterization of the endangered Kiso horse using 31 microsatellite DNAs.
Abstract: In order to contribute to conservation of the endangered Kiso horse, we clarified their genetic information using 31 microsatellite DNAs, and genotyped 125 horses, 83% of the existing breed. First, we clarified the current status of the horses. The horses were confirmed to have experienced rapid loss of population causing a bottleneck, and their effective population size was much smaller than their census size. Moreover, the number of alleles (6.3), observed heterozygosity (0.674), and expected heterozygosity (0.662) were in the same range as other endangered horses all over the world. Therefore, although their inbreeding level was not so severe (F(is): -0.017), the Kiso horse is surely one of the endangered. Second, we obtained genetic information of individuals. This information allowed us to understand the genetic distance of individuals, and might help in development of a reproductive strategy concerning the genetic distance between the mating pairs. Moreover, there appeared to be 4 subpopulations of Kiso horse, and this result was in good agreement with their historical background. Third, we confirmed that the parentage test for identification using the 31 microsatellite DNAs was highly reliable (probability of exclusion: 0.999999993). This identification increases the reliability of stud certification, and is also helpful for effective management. Understanding the genetic diversity within the population and the relationships among individuals is important to ensuring effective management for maintenance of genetic variation, and this study may help in conservation of the endangered Kiso horse.
Publication Date: 2011-09-30 PubMed ID: 21963881DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0025Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study focuses on the genetic characterization of the endangered Kiso horse breed using 31 microsatellite DNAs, with the aim of conserving and effectively managing this breed. The study is also significant for identifying genetic diversity within the Kiso horse population and understanding the relationships among individuals which is essential for maintaining genetic variation.
Examination of the Current Status
- The researchers started by establishing the current status of Kiso horses, a once populous breed that has now been reduced drastically due to a population bottleneck.
- The study found that the effective population size of these horses was much smaller than its census figure, indicating a rapid loss in population.
- The Kiso horses’ number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity were in alignment with other endangered horse breeds across the globe. This further confirmed the endangered status of the Kiso horses.
Individual Genetic Information
- The researchers were able to obtain genetic information of individual Kiso horses from the analysis of 31 microsatellite DNAs.
- This valuable information helped to understand the genetic distances between individual horses and will potentially help in formulating a reproductive strategy that takes into consideration the genetic distances between mating pairs for long-term preservation of the breed.
- The data pointed towards the existence of four distinct subpopulations of Kiso horses, an observation that correlates with the historical background of the breed.
Parentage Testing and Identification
- An important finding from the use of microsatellite DNAs was the ability to run incredibly precise parentage tests, with a probability of exclusion calculated to be almost 100%.
- Such accurate identification not only enhances the credibility of stud certification but also aids in potentially effective breed management.
Concluding Remarks
- By analyzing genetic diversity within the Kiso horse population and understanding the connections among individual horses, this study offers essential knowledge for the effective management and conservation of this endangered breed.
- The implication of such studies could be of immense importance in formulating suitable regulations for the preservation and recovery of endangered species.
Cite This Article
APA
Takasu M, Hiramatsu N, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Nakagawa T, Hasegawa T, Huricha , Maeda M, Murase T, Mukoyama H.
(2011).
Genetic characterization of the endangered Kiso horse using 31 microsatellite DNAs.
J Vet Med Sci, 74(2), 161-166.
https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.11-0025 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu 501–1193, Japan. takasu@gifu-u.ac.jp
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Conservation of Natural Resources / methods
- DNA / chemistry
- DNA / genetics
- Endangered Species
- Female
- Genetic Variation
- Genotype
- Horses / genetics
- Male
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Population Density
Citations
This article has been cited 18 times.- Masuda M, Nikadori A, Nikadori E, Uchida N, Takizawa Y, Ishimaru M, Yamamoto T, Yuasa R, Kugai H, Nagahama Y, Takasu M, Tozaki T. Evaluation of genetic diversity using 31 microsatellites in Miyako horses. J Equine Sci 2023 Mar;34(1):1-6.
- Rajabi-Toustani R, Tsogtgerel M, Gao Y, Li C, Sakato M, Haneda S, Cheong SH, Nambo Y. First Kiso pony foal produced via transfer of long-distance shipped fresh embryo to Hokkaido native pony. J Reprod Dev 2023 Apr 3;69(2):125-128.
- Yoshihara T, Kikuchi M, Akiba Y, Horiguchi M, Takasu M, Tozaki T. Genetic diversity analysis and parentage verification of Taishu horses using 31 microsatellites. J Equine Sci 2022 Dec;33(4):63-69.
- Nakamura M, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Nakamura K, Rajabi-Toustani R, Ohba Y, Matsubara T, Takasu M. Decreased genetic diversity in Kiso horses revealed through annual microsatellite genotyping. J Vet Med Sci 2020 Apr 15;82(4):503-540.
- Ahangari Cohan R, Nouri Inanlou D, Samiee Aref MH, Zeinali S, Farhoudi R. Microsatellite Marker Analysis for Laboratory Mice Profiling. Adv Biomed Res 2019;8:40.
- Kobayashi I, Akita M, Takasu M, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Nakamura K, Senju N, Matsuyama R, Horii Y. Genetic characteristics of feral Misaki horses based on polymorphisms of microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. J Vet Med Sci 2019 May 11;81(5):707-711.
- Senokuchi A, Ishikawa S, Tozaki T, Takasu M, Kakoi H, Misumi K, Hobo S. Genetic analyses for conservation of the traditional Tokara horse using 31 microsatellite markers. J Equine Sci 2018 Dec;29(4):97-104.
- Senju N, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Matsuyama R, Nakamura K, Takasu M. Genetic relationship between Miyako and Yonaguni horses native to Okinawa based on polymorphisms of microsatellites. J Equine Sci 2018 Dec;29(4):87-90.
- Gamo S, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Hirota KI, Nakamura K, Nishii N, Alumunia J, Takasu M. X monosomy in the endangered Kiso horse breed detected by a parentage test using sex chromosome linked genes and microsatellites. J Vet Med Sci 2019 Jan 8;81(1):91-94.
- Nakamura K, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Owada S, Takasu M. Variation in the MC1R, ASIP, and MATP genes responsible for coat color in Kiso horse as determined by SNaPshot™ genotyping. J Vet Med Sci 2019 Jan 8;81(1):100-102.
- Kakoi H, Kikuchi M, Tozaki T, Hirota KI, Nagata SI, Hobo S, Takasu M. Distribution of Y chromosomal haplotypes in Japanese native horse populations. J Equine Sci 2018;29(2):39-42.
- Dorji J, Tamang S, Tshewang T, Dorji T, Dorji TY. Genetic diversity and population structure of three traditional horse breeds of Bhutan based on 29 DNA microsatellite markers. PLoS One 2018;13(6):e0199376.
- Senju N, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Shinjo A, Matsuyama R, Almunia J, Takasu M. Genetic diversity of the Yonaguni horse based on polymorphisms in microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Feb 28;79(2):425-431.
- Senju N, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Almunia J, Maeda M, Matsuyama R, Takasu M. Genetic characterization of the Miyako horse based on polymorphisms of microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Jan 24;79(1):218-223.
- Takasu M, Ishihara N, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Maeda M, Mukoyama H. Genetic diversity of maternal lineage in the endangered Kiso horse based on polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. J Vet Med Sci 2014 Nov;76(11):1451-6.
- Takasu M, Nagatani N, Tozaki T, Kakoi H, Maeda M, Murase T, Mukoyama H. Hematological and biochemical reference values for the endangered kiso horse. J Equine Sci 2013;24(4):75-8.
- Saito I, Nakamura K, Tozaki T, Hano K, Takasu M. Genetic characterization of Japanese native horse breeds by genotyping variants that are associated with phenotypic traits. J Equine Sci 2023 Dec;34(4):115-120.
- Kobayashi I, Nakamura K, Saito I, Akita M, Tozaki T, Miyazaki M, Hano K, Takasu M. Changes in population structure and genetic diversity of Misaki horses between 2015 and 2020. J Vet Med Sci 2023 Dec 19;85(12):1327-1329.
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