Genetic diversity and bottleneck studies in endangered Bhutia and Manipuri pony breeds.
Abstract: For studying the genetic diversity and bottleneck problem in Bhutia and Manipuri pony breeds of India, we analysed DNA samples of 34 Bhutia and 50 Manipuri, true to breed, ponies using 47 polymorphic microsatellite markers. All the microsatellites were observed to be highly polymorphic in nature in both Bhutia and Manipuri breeds with mean no. of alleles as 8.702 ± 0.0493 and 8.416 ± 0.0548 respectively. Genetic diversity values in terms of heterozygosity values within individual breeds were also high with very low inbreeding (Fis 0.102 and 0.055 in Bhutia and Manipuri ponies, respectively). Number of alleles in both the populations together ranged from 3 to 18 with an average of 10.851 ± 1.583 per locus. The mean effective number of alleles was observed to 5.34 ± 0.253. All loci except ASB017 and HTG004 showed high values of allele richness (>5.0). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.7159 ± 0.022, 0.7986 ± 0.011 (Levene's) and 0.7936 ± 0.011 (Nei's), respectively. The high mean values of heterozygosity indicated the presence of high genetic diversity in both the pony populations. The overall mean value of within-population inbreeding estimates (Fis) was low (0.101 ± 0.023) indicating low to moderate level of inbreeding. Bottleneck studies revealed that no recent bottleneck problem has taken place in both the populations. Both pony populations were found to be in mutation drift equilibrium. The study reveals that both the pony breeds have high diversity and timely action needs to be taken to conserve them.
Publication Date: 2013-10-23 PubMed ID: 24150726DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2813-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article discusses a study conducted on Bhutia and Manipuri pony breeds in India to understand their genetic diversity and potential genetic bottleneck issues. The results show high genetic diversity and no significant evidence of recent bottleneck issues in these breeds.
Genetic Sample Analysis
- The researchers analyzed DNA samples from 34 Bhutia and 50 Manipuri ponies using 47 polymorphic microsatellite markers. These markers allow scientists to identify distinct genetic patterns and measure genetic diversity.
- The article states that these microsatellites markers demonstrated high polymorphism in both breeds. Polymorphism in genetics refers to the occurrence of multiple forms, or alleles, of DNA in a particular population. Higher numbers of polymorphisms are often associated with increased genetic diversity.
- The mean number of alleles was determined as 8.702 ± 0.0493 for Bhutia breed and 8.416 ± 0.0548 for Manipuri breed. This count indicates the number of variant forms of a given gene observed during the analysis.
Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding
- Heterozygosity values, which indicate the presence of different alleles for a particular gene in an organism, were found to be high in both breeds, indicating significant genetic diversity.
- The inbreeding coefficient (Fis), a measure of the likelihood of inbreeding in a population, was relatively low for both breeds (0.102 for Bhutia and 0.055 for Manipuri). This suggests a low to moderate level of inbreeding in these populations.
Bottleneck Studies
- The bottleneck study, which checks for a sharp reduction in population size, indicated no recent bottleneck has occurred in the studied breeds. A bottleneck event can reduce genetic diversity, making species more vulnerable to changes in their environment.
- Additionally, the study found that both pony populations were in mutation-drift equilibrium. This term refers to the balance between mutation introducing new genetic variation, and genetic drift, which arbitrarily changes the frequency of gene variants in a population. The condition of equilibrium suggests a stable genetic diversity over time.
Conservation Recommendations
- Despite high genetic diversity in both breeds, the researchers urg the need for timely conservation actions.
- The paucity of a bottleneck event doesn’t negate the possibility of future population reductions due to other factors such as habitat loss, disease, or other anthropogenic influences.
Cite This Article
APA
Gupta AK, Chauhan M, Bhardwaj A.
(2013).
Genetic diversity and bottleneck studies in endangered Bhutia and Manipuri pony breeds.
Mol Biol Rep, 40(12), 6935-6943.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-013-2813-y Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001, India, akguptanrce@hotmail.com.
MeSH Terms
- Alleles
- Animals
- Breeding
- Endangered Species
- Genetic Variation
- Genetics, Population
- Heterozygote
- Horses / genetics
- India
- Microsatellite Repeats / genetics
- Mutation / genetics
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Gupta AK, Chauhan M, Bhardwaj A, Vijh RK. Assessment of demographic bottleneck in Indian horse and endangered pony breeds. J Genet 2015 Nov 6;94(4):e56-62.
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