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Clinical and experimental immunology1987; 70(2); 276-282;

Genetic restriction of cytolysis during equid herpesvirus 1 subtype 2 infection.

Abstract: Six Welsh Mountain pony foals were experimentally infected with a subtype 2 isolate of Equid Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and subsequently examined for T cell mediated cytotoxicity against both subtypes. Cytotoxicity was not observed at 3 or 7 days after primary exposure but virus-specific, and genetically restricted, cytotoxicity of EHV-1-labelled autologous skin fibroblasts could be demonstrated 7 and 21 days after the animals were given a second exposure to live virus. Killing of subtype 2 antigen-labelled targets was more efficient than subtype 1 coated cells. This finding was paralleled by the observation that virus-neutralizing and complement-fixing antibody levels were subtype specific after the primary infection but after secondary exposure were directed against both subtypes. During primary infection the lymphocyte proliferative response to EHV-1 subtype 2 was not evident at 7 days post infection (dpi) but by 18 dpi was present in all animals. The second exposure produced an earlier (3 dpi) and larger proliferative response which was specific to the infecting isolate. The non-specific proliferative response to Concanavalin A mitogen indicated that virus infection induced a state of activation in circulating lymphocytes.
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Publication Date: 1987-11-01 PubMed ID: 2827921PubMed Central: PMC1542070
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article involves a study conducted on pony foals where they were exposed to Equid Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) subtype 2, observing the immune response on their cells, comparing responses to different virus subtypes over time.

Experimental Setup and Processes

  • The basis of the research was an experimental infection conducted on six Welsh Mountain pony foals with a subtype 2 isolate of Equid Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1).
  • The experiment involved initially exposing the ponies to the virus and then subsequently re-exposing them to observe the cytotoxic effect on their skin fibroblasts. ‘Cytotoxic effect’ refers to the ability of certain cells in the immune system to kill cells that are infected with a virus. Specifically, cytotoxic effect was measured at 3 and 7 days after primary exposure and 7 and 21 days following the secondary exposure.
  • The researchers observed the cytotoxicity against both subtype 1 and subtype 2 isolates of EHV-1.

Findings and Observations

  • No cytotoxicity was observed 3 or 7 days after the primary virus exposure. However, a virus-specific, genetically restricted killing of EHV-1-infected skin cells was demonstrated 7 and 21 days following the secondary exposure to the virus. This essentially means that the specific immune response activated by the re-exposure was more effective and could kill the virus-infected cells efficiently.
  • Killing of subtype 2 antigen-labelled targets was observed to be more efficient than subtype 1-coated cells. Antigen-labelled targets refer to the cells carrying the virus-specific antigens on their surfaces.
  • High levels of virus-neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies, which are essential part of the immune response against viruses, were detected. These antibodies showed specificity for both subtypes after the secondary exposure, indicating an adaptive immune response developed after the initial infection.
  • Lymphocyte proliferation, which is a crucial step in the development of an effective immune response, was not detectable until 18 days after initial infection. Following the second exposure, the proliferative response was earlier at 3 days and was specific to the infecting subtype 2 virus.
  • The research also found an active state of immune response in the ponies’ circulating lymphocytes, indicated by their non-specific proliferation in response to Concanavalin A mitogen, a substance that triggers cell division.

Conclusions

  • The study concludes that the immune response against EHV-1 is subtype-specific and develops over time with repeated exposure leading to a potent and more specific response.
  • The research highlights the importance of secondary immune responses in developing a more potent and specific response against a particular subtype of the virus, a process known as immunological memory.

Cite This Article

APA
Bridges CG, Edington N. (1987). Genetic restriction of cytolysis during equid herpesvirus 1 subtype 2 infection. Clin Exp Immunol, 70(2), 276-282.

Publication

Clinical and experimental immunology
ISSN: 0009-9104
NlmUniqueID: 0057202
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 70
Issue: 2
Pages: 276-282

Researcher Affiliations

Bridges, C G
  • Department of Microbiology, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
Edington, N

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Antibodies, Viral / analysis
    • Cell Division
    • Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
    • Herpesviridae Infections / genetics
    • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
    • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
    • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
    • Horse Diseases / immunology
    • Horses
    • Lymphocyte Activation

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    This article includes 23 references
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    Citations

    This article has been cited 3 times.
    1. Smith D, Hamblin A, Edington N. Equid herpesvirus 1 infection of endothelial cells requires activation of putative adhesion molecules: an in vitro model. Clin Exp Immunol 2002 Aug;129(2):281-7.
      doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01463.xpubmed: 12165084google scholar: lookup
    2. Holmes CM, Wagner B. Characterization of Nasal Mucosal T Cells in Horses and Their Response to Equine Herpesvirus Type 1. Viruses 2024 Sep 25;16(10).
      doi: 10.3390/v16101514pubmed: 39459849google scholar: lookup
    3. Pusterla N, Dorman DC, Burgess BA, Goehring L, Gross M, Osterrieder K, Soboll Hussey G, Lunn DP. Viremia and nasal shedding for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus-1 infection in domesticated horses. J Vet Intern Med 2024 May-Jun;38(3):1765-1791.
      doi: 10.1111/jvim.16958pubmed: 38069548google scholar: lookup
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