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Frontiers in genetics2021; 12; 758366; doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.758366

Genetic Variation and the Distribution of Variant Types in the Horse.

Abstract: Genetic variation is a key contributor to health and disease. Understanding the link between an individual's genotype and the corresponding phenotype is a major goal of medical genetics. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) within and across populations enables highly efficient variant discovery and elucidation of the molecular nature of virtually all genetic variation. Here, we report the largest catalog of genetic variation for the horse, a species of importance as a model for human athletic and performance related traits, using WGS of 534 horses. We show the extent of agreement between two commonly used variant callers. In data from ten target breeds that represent major breed clusters in the domestic horse, we demonstrate the distribution of variants, their allele frequencies across breeds, and identify variants that are unique to a single breed. We investigate variants with no homozygotes that may be potential embryonic lethal variants, as well as variants present in all individuals that likely represent regions of the genome with errors, poor annotation or where the reference genome carries a variant. Finally, we show regions of the genome that have higher or lower levels of genetic variation compared to the genome average. This catalog can be used for variant prioritization for important equine diseases and traits, and to provide key information about regions of the genome where the assembly and/or annotation need to be improved.
Copyright © 2021 Durward-Akhurst, Schaefer, Grantham, Carey, Mickelson and McCue.
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Publication Date: 2021-12-02 PubMed ID: 34925451PubMed Central: PMC8676274DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.758366Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about an extensive catalog of genetic variation in horses created using whole genome sequencing. This comprehensive resource can help in understanding the connection between genotype and phenotype, prioritizing variations for significant equine diseases, and revealing areas of the genome that need better assembly or annotation.

Objective of the Study

  • The study aimed to create a significant catalog of genetic variation in horses, an important model species for human athletic and performance traits, using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).
  • The research sought to link genetic format (genotype) with physical characteristics (phenotype), a major goal in medical genetics.
  • Part of the research also involved comparing the agreement level between two commonly used variant available software to identify genetic variation.

Methodology

  • The researchers performed WGS on 534 horses. The projected target included ten major breeds that represent the major breed clusters in the domestic horse.
  • The distribution of variants and their allele frequencies across breeds were assessed.
  • The team identified variants that were unique to a single breed. They also explored variants with no homozygotes, which could potentially be embryonic lethal variants.
  • They also investigated variants that were present in all individuals. These variants could symbolize regions of the genome with errors, poor annotation, or where the reference genome carries a variant.

Results and Conclusion

  • The research revealed sections of the genome that have comparatively higher or lower levels of genetic variation than the genome average.
  • The catalog can be employed to prioritize variants for essential equine diseases and traits. It also highlights sections of the genome that need improvements in assembly or annotation.

Cite This Article

APA
Durward-Akhurst SA, Schaefer RJ, Grantham B, Carey WK, Mickelson JR, McCue ME. (2021). Genetic Variation and the Distribution of Variant Types in the Horse. Front Genet, 12, 758366. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.758366

Publication

Frontiers in genetics
ISSN: 1664-8021
NlmUniqueID: 101560621
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 758366
PII: 758366

Researcher Affiliations

Durward-Akhurst, S A
  • Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Schaefer, R J
  • Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Grantham, B
  • Interval Bio LLC, Mountain View, CA, United States.
Carey, W K
  • Interval Bio LLC, Mountain View, CA, United States.
Mickelson, J R
  • Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
McCue, M E
  • Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Grant Funding

  • T32 OD010993 / NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors BG and WC own and work for IntervalBio LLC, the computational company that was compensated to develop the mapping and variant calling pipeline. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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