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Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research2013; 33(12); 746-759; doi: 10.1089/jir.2012.0130

Genomic analysis and mRNA expression of equine type I interferon genes.

Abstract: This study aimed at identifying all of the type I interferon (IFN) genes of the horse and at monitoring their expression in equine cells on in vitro induction. We identified 32 putative type I IFN loci on horse chromosome 23 and an unplaced genomic scaffold. A phylogentic analysis characterized these into 8 different type I IFN classes, that is, putative functional genes for 6 IFN-α, 4 IFN-β, 8 IFN-ω (plus 4 pseudogenes), 3 IFN-δ (plus 1 pseudogene), 1 IFN-κ and 1 IFN-ε, plus 1 IFN-ν pseudogene, and 3 loci belonging to what has previously been called IFN-αω. Our analyses indicate that the IFN-αω genes are quite distinct from both IFN-α and IFN-ω, and we refer to this type I IFN as IFN-μ. Results from cell cultures showed that leukocytes readily expressed IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-δ, IFN-μ, and IFN-ω mRNA on induction with, for example, live virus; while fibroblasts only expressed IFN-β mRNA on stimulation. IFN-κ or IFN-ε expression was not consistently induced in these cell cultures. Thus, the equine type I IFN family comprised 8 classes, 7 of which had putative functional genes, and mRNA expression of 5 was induced in vitro. Moreover, a relatively low number of IFN-α subtypes was found in the horse compared with other eutherian mammals.
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Publication Date: 2013-06-17 PubMed ID: 23772953PubMed Central: PMC3868305DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0130Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research identifies all equine type I interferon (IFN) genes and monitors their expression in horse cells during in vitro induction. The study found 32 putative type I IFN genes in horses, divided into 8 different classes, and was able to induce mRNA expression of 5 of these classes in vitro.

Identification of Equine Type I IFN Genes

  • Through genomic analysis, the study identified 32 putative type I IFN genes in the horse genome.
  • These genes were found on horse chromosome 23 and an unplaced genomic scaffold.
  • Phylogenetic analysis further divided these genes into 8 different classes, including IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ω, IFN-δ, IFN-κ, IFN-ε, IFN-ν and a previously uncharacterized class, tentatively named IFN-μ.
  • It’s important to note that some of these were identified as pseudogenes, non-functional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes.

mRNA Expression of Equine Type I IFN Genes in vitro

  • The researchers monitored the expression of the IFN genes in horse cells during in vitro induction.
  • They found that leukocytes (white blood cells) readily expressed IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-δ, IFN-μ, and IFN-ω mRNA when induced with live virus.
  • In contrast, fibroblasts (cells that produce connective tissue) only consistently expressed IFN-β mRNA on induction. Neither IFN-κ nor IFN-ε expression was consistently induced in these cell cultures.

Comparison with Other Eutherian Mammals

  • It was found that the horse has a relatively low number of IFN-α subtypes compared to other eutherian (placental) mammals. This could potentially impact how the horse’s immune system responds to viral infections.

Conclusion

  • The research has added to a growing body of knowledge about the molecular biology of the horse’s immune response, which could have implications for understanding and treating diseases in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Detournay O, Morrison DA, Wagner B, Zarnegar B, Wattrang E. (2013). Genomic analysis and mRNA expression of equine type I interferon genes. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 33(12), 746-759. https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2012.0130

Publication

Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research
ISSN: 1557-7465
NlmUniqueID: 9507088
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 12
Pages: 746-759

Researcher Affiliations

Detournay, Olivier
  • 1 Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute , Uppsala, Sweden .
Morrison, David A
    Wagner, Bettina
      Zarnegar, Behdad
        Wattrang, Eva

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Chromosome Mapping
          • Gene Expression
          • Gene Order
          • Genomics
          • Horses
          • Interferon Type I / genetics
          • Interferon Type I / metabolism
          • Interferon-alpha / genetics
          • Interferon-alpha / metabolism
          • Molecular Sequence Annotation
          • Multigene Family
          • Open Reading Frames
          • Phylogeny
          • RNA, Messenger / genetics

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