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Equine veterinary journal2021; 53(6); 1199-1209; doi: 10.1111/evj.13398

Genomic characterisation of bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 identified in equine sarcoids in Japan.

Abstract: Bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 (BPV1/2) infection in horses has been associated with the development of equine sarcoids. Previous findings revealed the presence of sarcoid-associated BPV sequence variants that have been proposed as a key factor of cross-species infection in horses. To verify this hypothesis, sarcoid-associated BPV variants should be identified regardless of geographic location. Objective: Sequence analyses of BPV1/2 derived from both horses and cattle were conducted to clarify the sarcoid-associated sequence variants. The aim of this study was to clarify the correlation between BPV phylogeny and the geographic origin/host species. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Conventional PCR to detect BPV1/2 was performed with genomic DNA extracted from equine sarcoid (n = 10) and bovine papilloma (n = 10) samples collected in Japan. Direct sequencing results were compared between equine and bovine (equine/bovine)-derived BPV to identify sarcoid-associated variants of two early regions (E2, E5), one late region (L1) and the long control region (LCR). Phylogenetic and phylogeny-trait correlation were analysed using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and Bayesian tip-association significance testing (BaTS). Results: Seven BPV1 and three BPV2 were identified from equine sarcoids using PCR and direct sequencing. Sequence analysis of equine/bovine-derived samples showed no sarcoid-associated variants in four regions (E2, E5, L1 and LCR) of either BPV1 or BPV2. The phylogenetic tree of BPV1 E2, L1 and LCR tended to cluster within its geographic origins. BaTS analysis demonstrated that BPV1 sequence variability may be due to the geographic origin rather than host species difference. Conclusions: There was a limitation in sample numbers. Conclusions: This study supports the geographic-specific hypothesis of sequence variability, suggesting that BPV1 is shared between local equids and bovids. However, more extensively collected sequences worldwide and functional evaluations are needed to verify the geographic-specific sequence variability of BPV1/2 between equine- and bovine-derived sequence.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-08 PubMed ID: 33300145DOI: 10.1111/evj.13398Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research is an analysis of the sequence of bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 (BPV1/2) found in horses, suggesting that the variability found may be tied to geographical origin rather than host species differences.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The primary aim of this research was to investigate the genomic links between BPV infections in horses and cattle. It sought to clarify whether BPV’s phylogeny (evolutionary development and diversification) is related to its geographic origin or the species it infects.
  • The study utilized conventional PCR testing on DNA samples extracted from equine sarcoid and bovine papilloma – two different ailments in horses and cows, respectively, caused by BPV. Ten samples were collected from each animal species in Japan.
  • The researchers compared sequencing results from horse-derived BPV and cow-derived BPV to identify any specific variants associated with equine sarcoid.
  • The researchers focused their analysis on two early regions (E2, E5), one late region (L1), and the long control region (LCR) of the BPV1/2 genomes.

Results and Findings

  • The team identified seven BPV1 and three BPV2 from equine sarcoids using PCR and direct sequencing.
  • Across the four genomic regions (E2, E5, L1, and LCR) that were analysed in both BPV1 and BPV2, no equine sarcoid-specific variants were identified.
  • The constructed phylogenetic tree – which shows the evolutionary links and relationships between different BPV1 sequences – seemed to group together based on their geographic origin, signaling that location rather than host species difference may play a role in BPV sequence variability.
  • This geographic specificity of BPV1 sequence variability was supported by a Bayesian tip-association significance testing (BaTS) analysis.

Limitations and Future Research

  • The researchers acknowledged the limitation in the number of samples they used in this study.
  • While the study indicates geographical origin as a potential key factor of BPV1 sequence variability, it recommends a more extensive collection of sequences from different locations worldwide to accurately verify if geographical-specific sequence variability exists between equine- and bovine-derived sequences.
  • Functional evaluations are also required in future research to further explore this hypothesis.

Cite This Article

APA
Yamashita-Kawanishi N, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Tobari Y, Yoshimura H, Yamamoto M, Yumoto N, Aoki H, Sugiura K, Higuchi T, Saito S, Haga T. (2021). Genomic characterisation of bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 identified in equine sarcoids in Japan. Equine Vet J, 53(6), 1199-1209. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13398

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 53
Issue: 6
Pages: 1199-1209

Researcher Affiliations

Yamashita-Kawanishi, Nanako
  • Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Chambers, James K
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Uchida, Kazuyuki
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Tobari, Yumiko
  • Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshimura, Hisashi
  • Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
Yamamoto, Masami
  • Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
Yumoto, Norio
  • Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
Aoki, Hiroshi
  • Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
Sugiura, Katsuaki
  • Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Higuchi, Tohru
  • Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Hokkaido, Japan.
Saito, Shigeaki
  • Yamato Kohgen Animal Medical Clinic, Ibaraki, Japan.
Haga, Takeshi
  • Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bayes Theorem
  • Cattle
  • Cattle Diseases
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • DNA, Viral
  • Genomics
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Japan
  • Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Phylogeny
  • Skin Neoplasms / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • University of Tokyo

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This article includes 31 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Munday JS, Orbell G, Fairley RA, Hardcastle M, Vaatstra B. Evidence from a Series of 104 Equine Sarcoids Suggests That Most Sarcoids in New Zealand Are Caused by Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2, although Both BPV1 and BPV2 DNA Are Detectable in around 10% of Sarcoids. Animals (Basel) 2021 Oct 29;11(11).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11113093pubmed: 34827825google scholar: lookup
  2. Munday JS, Gedye K, Daudt C, Chaves Da Silva F. The Development of Novel Primer Sets to Specifically Amplify Each of the Five Different Deltapapillomaviruses That Cause Neoplasia after Cross-Species Infection. Vet Sci 2021 Sep 26;8(10).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci8100208pubmed: 34679038google scholar: lookup
  3. Ogihara K, Ishihara A, Nagai M, Yamada K, Mizutani T, Harafuji M, Nishio H, Madarame H. Equine sarcoid of the glans penis with bovine papillomavirus type 1 in a miniature horse (Falabella). J Vet Med Sci 2021 Jul 10;83(6):1016-1021.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.21-0170pubmed: 33907057google scholar: lookup
  4. Chen GS, Chiou HY, Chang YC, Liu HP, Pan YI, Chan MY, Liu TC, Chia MY, Huang C, Chan JP, Chang CY. Molecular and Histological Identification of Bovine Papillomavirus 1, 2 and a Novel Genotype in Cutaneous Papillomas of Dairy Cattle in Taiwan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2025;2025:5586786.
    doi: 10.1155/tbed/5586786pubmed: 40607128google scholar: lookup
  5. Uchida-Fujii E, Kato Y, Ueno T, Numasawa Y, Yusa S, Haga T. Histopathological and Virological Findings of a Penile Papilloma in a Japanese Stallion with Equus Caballus Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2). Pathogens 2024 Jul 19;13(7).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens13070597pubmed: 39057823google scholar: lookup
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