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The Journal of heredity1991; 82(5); 369-377; doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111106

Genomic distribution of heterochromatic sequences in equids: implications to rapid chromosomal evolution.

Abstract: We describe a molecular model for rapid chromosomal evolution that proposes tandemly repeated DNA sequences as a driving force. A prediction of this model is that when extensive rearrangements of euchromatin have been facilitated by heterochromatin, genomes will be characterized by tandemly repeated sequences that have actively changed chromosomal fields by intragenomic movement. Alternatively, it is proposed that in conservative chromosomal lineage each class of tandemly repeated sequences will be restricted to a specific chromosomal field. To provide baseline data to test this model we examined four classes of tandemly repeated elements in six species of equids (Equus). Distribution of these sequences among species, as determined from slot blot analysis, and restriction site variation, shown by Southern blot hybridization, document that these sequences are in an evolutionarily dynamic state, and in situ hybridization documents extensive intragenomic movement among nonhomologous chromosomes and chromosomal fields. These data are interpreted as being compatible with the predictions of this model. Although this is clearly not the sole molecular factor driving chromosomal evolution, the model appears to be viable as an explanation of certain patterns of chromosomal evolution such as karyotypic megaevolution and some types of karyotypic orthoselection.
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Publication Date: 1991-09-01 PubMed ID: 1658126DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111106Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper proposes a model for rapid chromosomal evolution, suggesting that repeated DNA sequences may be a key driver. The researchers used equids (the horse family) as a case study, and found evidence showing that genome rearrangements could indeed be facilitated by repeated sequences, supporting their proposed model.

Understanding the Model for Rapid Chromosomal Evolution

  • The researchers created a model suggesting that tandemly repeated DNA sequences could be major drivers of fast chromosomal evolution.
  • Such repeated sequences would theoretically lead to substantial rearrangements in the euchromatin, a subcategory of chromatin that is less compact and more transcriptionally active.
  • The model proposes that these changes are facilitated by heterochromatin, a denser and less gene-rich part of chromatin.
  • In stark contrast to this, the authors propose that in a more conservative chromosomal lineage, each class of tandemly repeated sequences would be localized to a particular chromosomal field, resulting in less genome rearrangement.

Testing of the Model

  • To validate the created model, the researchers investigated four classes of tandemly repeated elements in six different horse species.
  • By performing slot blot analysis, a technique to measure the amount of DNA, and evaluating to the distribution of these sequences among species, authors collected preliminary data on this subject.
  • Transformation in these sequences were proven to be in a dynamic evolutionary state through restriction site variation shown by Southern blot hybridization, a method used to check for the presence of a particular DNA sequence in DNA samples.
  • The extensive intragenomic movement between nonhomologous chromosomes was documented through in situ hybridization, a type of hybridization that uses a labeled complementary DNA or RNA strand to locate a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a portion or section of tissue.

Model Validation and Implications

  • The researchers found that the data they gathered supported the predictions of their model, indicating that tandemly repeated DNA sequences can indeed drive considerable genome rearrangements.
  • However, it was also noted that this is not the only factor influencing chromosomal evolution.
  • Yet, the model appears to sufficiently explain certain patterns in chromosomal evolution such as quick large-scale changes (karyotypic megaevolution) and some forms of karyotypic orthoselection, an idea that postulates the orientation and sequence of chromosomes are conserved.

Cite This Article

APA
Wichman HA, Payne CT, Ryder OA, Hamilton MJ, Maltbie M, Baker RJ. (1991). Genomic distribution of heterochromatic sequences in equids: implications to rapid chromosomal evolution. J Hered, 82(5), 369-377. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111106

Publication

The Journal of heredity
ISSN: 0022-1503
NlmUniqueID: 0375373
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 82
Issue: 5
Pages: 369-377

Researcher Affiliations

Wichman, H A
  • Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83843.
Payne, C T
    Ryder, O A
      Hamilton, M J
        Maltbie, M
          Baker, R J

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Biological Evolution
            • Blotting, Southern
            • Chromosomes
            • DNA
            • DNA Restriction Enzymes
            • Heterochromatin
            • Horses / genetics
            • Models, Genetic
            • Perissodactyla / genetics
            • Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

            Grant Funding

            • GM23073 / NIGMS NIH HHS
            • GM38727 / NIGMS NIH HHS

            Citations

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