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Home / Equine Research Bank / Arch Virol / Genomic, pathogenic, and antigenic comparisons of Getah viru...
Archives of virology2016; 161(6); 1691-1695; doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-2840-9

Genomic, pathogenic, and antigenic comparisons of Getah virus strains isolated in 1978 and 2014 in Japan.

Abstract: A Getah virus strain isolated during an outbreak in racehorses in Japan in 2014 (14-I-605) was compared with the vaccine strain isolated in 1978 (MI-110). A comparison of the genome sequences of these strains revealed seven amino acid substitutions in non-structural protein 3, and one or two substitutions in each of other non-structural proteins. In contrast, the structural proteins were highly conserved (99.8-99.9 % amino acid sequence identity). Horse antisera raised against the MI-110 strain showed similar virus-neutralization titers against both MI-110 and 14-I-605 strains (512 and 256, respectively). Therefore, antigenic mutation was probably not a direct cause of the outbreak that occurred in 2014.
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Publication Date: 2016-03-26 PubMed ID: 27016932DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2840-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

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This research explores the similarities and differences between two strains of Getah virus, one isolated during a 1978 outbreak and another during a 2014 outbreak among racehorses in Japan.

Introduction and Background

  • The Getah virus is a viral strain that affects horses, pigs, and mosquitos. It primarily found in Asia and has been linked to several outbreaks, particularly among racehorses.
  • This paper compares two strains of the Getah virus, the 14-I-605 strain from the 2014 outbreak and the MI-110 strain that was responsible for the 1978 outbreak and is used in vaccinations.

Genomic comparisons

  • Researchers compared the genome sequences of the two virus strains and found notable differences in their non-structural proteins.
  • Seven amino acid substitutions were noted in non-structural protein 3 of the 14-I-605 strain, and one or two substitutions were found in each of the other non-structural proteins. This refers to changes in the sequence of amino acids that make up these proteins, which can impact the virus’s functionality and ability to infect hosts.
  • However, the structural proteins of the two strains were highly conserved, with 99.8-99.9% amino acid sequence identity. Structural proteins are crucial components of the virus, affecting how it binds to and enters host cells.

Pathogenic and Antigenic Comparisons

  • The paper also tested the ability of horse antisera (plasma containing antibodies) raised against the MI-110 strain to neutralize both strains of the virus.
  • The tests revealed similar virus-neutralization titers against both strains, suggesting that the vaccines developed from the MI-110 strain might still be effective against the newer strain.
  • The researchers concluded that antigenic mutation was probably not a direct cause of the outbreak in 2014, despite the genomic differences. Antigenic mutation refers to changes in proteins that provoke an immune response, which can sometimes enable the virus to evade the host’s immune system.

Cite This Article

APA
Nemoto M, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. (2016). Genomic, pathogenic, and antigenic comparisons of Getah virus strains isolated in 1978 and 2014 in Japan. Arch Virol, 161(6), 1691-1695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2840-9

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 1432-8798
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 161
Issue: 6
Pages: 1691-1695

Researcher Affiliations

Nemoto, Manabu
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4, Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Bannai, Hiroshi
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4, Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan. bannai@equinst.go.jp.
Tsujimura, Koji
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4, Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Yamanaka, Takashi
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4, Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Kondo, Takashi
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4, Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Alphavirus / genetics
  • Alphavirus / immunology
  • Alphavirus / pathogenicity
  • Alphavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Alphavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Alphavirus Infections / virology
  • Amino Acid Substitution
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Antigens, Viral / genetics
  • Cross Reactions
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Genome, Viral
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Phylogeny
  • Time Factors
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Proteins / immunology

Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.
  1. Ochi A, Bannai H, Aonuma H, Kanuka H, Uchida-Fujii E, Kinoshita Y, Ohta M, Kambayashi Y, Tsujimura K, Ueno T, Nemoto M. Surveillance of Getah virus in mosquitoes and racehorses from 2016 to 2019 at a training center in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, a site of several previous Getah virus outbreaks.. Arch Virol 2023 Jan 7;168(2):35.
    doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05631-3pubmed: 36609628google scholar: lookup
  2. Takeishi M, Kuwata R, Ono T, Sasaki A, Ogata M, Iwata E, Taji S, Koike M, Nemoto M, Bannai H, Isawa H, Maeda K, Morikawa S, Kitagawa H, Yoshikawa Y. Seroconversion of anti-Getah virus antibody among Japanese native Noma horses around 2012.. J Vet Med Sci 2022 Nov 18;84(12):1605-1609.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.22-0306pubmed: 36310045google scholar: lookup
  3. Mohamed-Romai-Noor NA, Sam SS, Teoh BT, Hamim ZR, AbuBakar S. Genomic and In Vitro Phenotypic Comparisons of Epidemic and Non-Epidemic Getah Virus Strains.. Viruses 2022 Apr 30;14(5).
    doi: 10.3390/v14050942pubmed: 35632684google scholar: lookup
  4. Xia H, Wang Y, Atoni E, Zhang B, Yuan Z. Mosquito-Associated Viruses in China.. Virol Sin 2018 Feb;33(1):5-20.
    doi: 10.1007/s12250-018-0002-9pubmed: 29532388google scholar: lookup
  5. Nemoto M, Bannai H, Ochi A, Niwa H, Murakami S, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kokado H, Kondo T. Complete Genome Sequences of Getah Virus Strains Isolated from Horses in 2016 in Japan.. Genome Announc 2017 Aug 3;5(31).
    doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00750-17pubmed: 28774985google scholar: lookup
  6. Giry C, Roquebert B, Li-Pat-Yuen G, Gasque P, Jaffar-Bandjee MC. Improved detection of genus-specific Alphavirus using a generic TaqMan® assay.. BMC Microbiol 2017 Jul 24;17(1):164.
    doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-1080-9pubmed: 28738838google scholar: lookup
  7. Bannai H, Nemoto M, Niwa H, Murakami S, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. Geospatial and temporal associations of Getah virus circulation among pigs and horses around the perimeter of outbreaks in Japanese racehorses in 2014 and 2015.. BMC Vet Res 2017 Jun 19;13(1):187.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1112-6pubmed: 28629406google scholar: lookup
  8. Bannai H, Ochi A, Nemoto M, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. A 2015 outbreak of Getah virus infection occurring among Japanese racehorses sequentially to an outbreak in 2014 at the same site.. BMC Vet Res 2016 Jun 10;12:98.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0741-5pubmed: 27286658google scholar: lookup
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