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Home / Equine Research Bank / Biol Reprod / Glial cells missing homologue 1 is induced in differentiatin...
Biology of reproduction2008; 80(2); 227-234; doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.070920

Glial cells missing homologue 1 is induced in differentiating equine chorionic girdle trophoblast cells.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify transcription factors associated with differentiation of the chorionic girdle, the invasive form of equine trophoblast. The expression patterns of five transcription factors were determined on a panel of conceptus tissues from early horse pregnancy. Tissues from Days 15 through 46 were tested. Eomesodermin (EOMES), glial cells missing homologue 1 (GCM1), heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 1 (HAND1), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), and distal-less homeobox 3 (DLX3) were detected in horse trophoblast, but the expression patterns for these genes varied. EOMES had the most restricted distribution, while DLX3 CDX2, and HAND1 were widely expressed. GCM1 seemed to increase in the developing chorionic girdle, and this was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR assays. GCM1 expression preceded a striking increase in expression of equine chorionic gonadotropin beta (CGB) in the chorionic girdle, and binding sites for GCM1 were discovered in the promoter region of the CGB gene. GCM1, CGB, and CGA mRNA were expressed preferentially in binucleate cells as opposed to uninucleate cells of the chorionic girdle. Based on these findings, it is likely that GCM1 has a role in differentiation and function of the invasive trophoblast of the equine chorionic girdle and endometrial cups. The equine binucleate chorionic girdle (CG) secreting trophoblast shares molecular, morphological, and functional characteristics with human syncytiotrophoblast and represents a model for studies of human placental function.
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Publication Date: 2008-10-29 PubMed ID: 18971425PubMed Central: PMC2804814DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.070920Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the role of the transcription factor ‘glial cells missing homologue 1’ in the development of equine placental structures, specifically the chorionic girdle. The study identified this factor as a likely player in the differentiation of specific cells in the placenta and a key component in the regulation of pathology relevant to human placental function.

Transcription Factors and Trophoblast Differentiation

  • The aim was to recognize transcription factors tied to the differentiation of the chorionic girdle – an invasive form of the equine (horse) trophoblast, or cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst (early-stage embryo).
  • The team investigated the expression of five transcription factors: Eomesodermin (EOMES), glial cells missing homologue 1 (GCM1), heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 1 (HAND1), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), and distal-less homeobox 3 (DLX3).
  • These factors were detected, but exhibited variable expression patterns. For instance, EOMES had a very limited distribution while DLX3, CDX2, and HAND1 showed widespread expression.

Role of GCM1 in Chorionic Girdle Development

  • GCM1 in particular, was noticed to increase in the chorionic girdle as it developed. Further testing with quantitative RT-PCR assays confirmed this observation.
  • Importantly, increases in GCM1 expression were followed by surges in the expression of equine chorionic gonadotropin beta (CGB), indicating a possible connection between these events.
  • The researchers found binding sites for GCM1 within the promoter region of the CGB gene, further supporting the concept of a direct regulatory relationship between these entities.

GCM1 and Cell Differentiation

  • GCM1, along with CGB and CGA mRNA, was shown to be preferentially expressed in binucleate (two-nuclei) cells versus uninucleate (single-nucleus) cells in the chorionic girdle.
  • From these findings, the research posits that GCM1 likely plays a crucial role in the differentiation of these invasive trophoblasts and eventually in the creation of the equine chorionic girdle and endometrial cups.

Implications for Human Placental Studies

  • The equine chorionic girdle provides a useful model for studying human placental function due to shared characteristics in molecular structure, morphology, and functionality with human syncytiotrophoblasts.
  • This perception of GCM1’s role in equine cell differentiation is consequential as it could pave the way for better understanding of human placental development and related pathologies.

Cite This Article

APA
de Mestre AM, Miller D, Roberson MS, Liford J, Chizmar LC, McLaughlin KE, Antczak DF. (2008). Glial cells missing homologue 1 is induced in differentiating equine chorionic girdle trophoblast cells. Biol Reprod, 80(2), 227-234. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.108.070920

Publication

Biology of reproduction
ISSN: 0006-3363
NlmUniqueID: 0207224
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 80
Issue: 2
Pages: 227-234

Researcher Affiliations

de Mestre, Amanda M
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. ademestre@rvc.ac.uk
Miller, Donald
    Roberson, Mark S
      Liford, Jenny
        Chizmar, Lisay C
          McLaughlin, Kristin E
            Antczak, Douglas F

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Cell Differentiation / genetics
              • Cells, Cultured
              • Female
              • Fetus / metabolism
              • Gestational Age
              • Horses / genetics
              • Horses / physiology
              • Models, Biological
              • Neuropeptides / genetics
              • Neuropeptides / metabolism
              • Pregnancy
              • Pregnancy, Animal
              • Transcription Factors / genetics
              • Transcription Factors / metabolism
              • Trophoblasts / metabolism
              • Trophoblasts / physiology
              • Up-Regulation

              Grant Funding

              • R01 HD049545 / NICHD NIH HHS
              • R01-HD049545 / NICHD NIH HHS

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              This article has been cited 13 times.
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