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Equine veterinary journal1971; 3(1); 1-6; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1971.tb04431.x

Guidelines for the control of equine viral infections.

Abstract: Twelve DNA viruses and forty‐three RNA viruses are known to infect horses. In addition, there are three unclassified viruses and, at least, three alleged viruses infecting horses. Differential diagnosis is difficult. At least twenty‐eight of the fifty‐eight viruses induce clinical disease but the range of syndromes is limited; eleven provoke respiratory symptoms and eleven cause encephalitis. Thirty‐four equine viruses with a limited geographical distribution are transmitted by arthropod vectors. Twenty viruses are spread by contact and their distribution, in general, is global. The vector‐transmitted virus diseases are best controlled by prophylactic vaccination. The viral contagions are not, in general, well controlled by vaccination and it is likely that prophylactic chemotherapy will become increasingly important in the future. On sait que douze virus ADN et quarante trois virus ARN sont responsables d'infections chez le cheval. En outre trois virus non classés et trois autres agents de type viral au moins sont également infectants pour cette espèce. Le diagnostic différentiel est difficile. Vingt huit au moins des cinquante trois virus provoquent des maladies cliniques mais la gamme des syndromes est restreinte: Onze virus engendrent des symptomes respiratoires, onze déterminent des encéphalites. Trente quatre virus dont la distribution géographique est limitée sont transmis par des arthropodes vecteurs. Vingt virus sont disséminés par contact et leur répartition est en général à l'échelle du globe. Les maladies provoquées par des virus à propagation vectorielle sont mieux controlées par une vaccination préventive. Les contagions virales ne sont pas, en général, efficacement controlées par la vaccination et l'on peut penser que la chimiothérapie préventive de ces affections connaitra une importance croissante à l'avenir. Zwölf DNS‐Viren und 43 RNS‐Viren vermögen das Pferd zu infizieren. Dazu kommen drei unklassierte Viren und zum mindesten drei Erreger, die angeblich Viruscharakter haben. Die Differentialdiagnose ist schwierig. Mindestens 28 der 58 Viren verursachen klinisch manifeste Krankheiten, aber die Eigenart der Syndrome ist limitiert; elf davon provozieren respiratorische Symptome und elf rufen Encephalitis hervor. 34 equine Viren benötigen als Vektoren Arthropoden; ihre geographische Ausbreitung ist beschränkt. 20 Viren werden durch Kontakt übertragen; sie werden in der Regel auf der ganzen Welt angetroffen. Die durch Vektoren übertragenen Viruskrankheiten können am besten durch prophylaktische Impfungen kontrolliert werden. Die übrigen können im allgemeinen durch Impfungen nicht gut kontrolliert werden und es scheint wahrscheinlich, dass die prophylaktische Chemotherapie in Zukunft an Bedeutung gewinnen wird. VIRUS EQUINOS Doce DNA virus y cuarenta y tres RNA virus son reconcodios como infectantes al caballo. En adicion hay tres no clasidicados virus y por lo menos tres tipos de virus muy se mejantes que afectan el caballo. El diagnostico diferencial es dificultoso. Aproximadamente 28 de los 28 virus inducen enfermedades clinicas con y espectro de sindromes limitado. 11 provocan sintomas respiratorios y 11 causan encefalitis. 34 virus equinos con limitacion en su distribucion geografica son transmitidos por vectores artropodos. Veinte virus son diseminados por contacto y su distribucion en general es global. Es controlada la enfermeead de estos vectiores per medio de vacunacion. Los contagio del virus no son bien controlados por lo general mediante vacunacion y solo una terapia profilactica que havenido tomando aunge en el futuro.
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Publication Date: 1971-01-01 PubMed ID: 4347723PubMed Central: PMC7163504DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1971.tb04431.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article provides an analysis of the various viruses known to infect horses and the associated challenges with treatment. It highlights the role of prophylactic vaccination for some vector-transmitted viruses, but underscores the need for more effective treatment alternatives, such as prophylactic chemotherapy, for contact spread viral diseases.

Types of Viruses Affecting Horses

  • The researchers identify that horses can be infected by a wide range of viruses: Twelve DNA viruses, forty-three RNA viruses, three unclassified viruses, and at least three other specified infectious agents.
  • Out of these, at least twenty-eight of the fifty-eight viruses cause clinically observable illnesses.
  • These diseases often manifest in limited syndromes, with eleven viruses causing respiratory symptoms and another eleven resulting in encephalitis.

Spread and Distribution of Viruses

  • The spread of these viruses differs. Thirty-four of the viruses are spread by arthropod vectors and these typically have limited geographical distribution.
  • On the other hand, twenty viruses are spread through direct contact and their distribution is usually global.

Control and Treatment of Equine Viruses

  • The study discusses the efficiency of control measures for these viruses. Prophylactic vaccination is found to be effective for controlling vector-transmitted virus diseases.
  • However, vaccination is generally inadequate for controlling the spread of contagions that are spread by direct contact.
  • The researchers suggest that prophylactic chemotherapy might be a more effective method for controlling these infections in the future.

Importance of Detailed Diagnosis

  • Another important aspect highlighted by the study is the challenge of diagnosing these viruses.
  • A detailed differential diagnosis is identified as being difficult given the large number of virus types and similar symptom presentations.
  • Consequently, the efficient treatment and control of these infections heavily depend on advances in precise diagnosis methods.

Cite This Article

APA
Scott GR. (1971). Guidelines for the control of equine viral infections. Equine Vet J, 3(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1971.tb04431.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 0425-1644
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 3
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-6

Researcher Affiliations

Scott, G R

    MeSH Terms

    • Adenoviridae Infections / prevention & control
    • Adenoviridae Infections / veterinary
    • Animals
    • Arbovirus Infections / prevention & control
    • Arbovirus Infections / veterinary
    • Arthropod Vectors
    • Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
    • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
    • Horse Diseases / etiology
    • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
    • Horses
    • Orthomyxoviridae
    • Papillomaviridae
    • Paramyxoviridae
    • Picornaviridae
    • Polyomaviridae
    • Poxviridae Infections / prevention & control
    • Poxviridae Infections / veterinary
    • Reoviridae Infections / prevention & control
    • Reoviridae Infections / veterinary
    • Vaccination / veterinary
    • Virus Diseases / etiology
    • Virus Diseases / prevention & control
    • Virus Diseases / veterinary

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    Citations

    This article has been cited 1 times.
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