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Communications biology2022; 5(1); 172; doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03116-2

Gut Microbiome Characteristics in feral and domesticated horses from different geographic locations.

Abstract: Domesticated horses live under different conditions compared with their extinct wild ancestors. While housed, medicated and kept on a restricted source of feed, the microbiota of domesticated horses is hypothesized to be altered. We assessed the fecal microbiome of 57 domestic and feral horses from different locations on three continents, observing geographical differences. A higher abundance of eukaryota (p < 0.05) and viruses (p < 0.05) and lower of archaea (p < 0.05) were found in feral animals when compared with domestic ones. The abundance of genes coding for microbe-produced enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in feral animals regardless of the geographic origin. Differences in the fecal resistomes between both groups of animals were also noted. The domestic/captive horse microbiomes were enriched in genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, likely reflecting the use of this antibiotic in the management of these animals. Our data showed an impoverishment of the fecal microbiome in domestic horses with diet, antibiotic exposure and hygiene being likely drivers. The results offer a view of the intestinal microbiome of horses and the impact of domestication or captivity, which may uncover novel targets for modulating the microbiome of horses to enhance animal health and well-being.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2022-02-25 PubMed ID: 35217713PubMed Central: PMC8881449DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03116-2Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the effect of domestication on the gut microbiome of horses and notes significant differences between the microbiomes of domesticated and feral horses. The study also observes geographical differences in horse gut microbiomes.

Research Method and Sample Selection

  • The researchers studied the fecal microbiome of 57 horses, both domestic and feral, from various locations across three continents.
  • The geographic diversity of the sample was intended to add depth to the understanding of the diversity of gut microbiomes.

Key Findings: Microbiome Composition

  • The researchers found evidence suggesting that domestication impacts the composition of horse gut microbiomes. The study recorded a higher abundance of eukaryota and viruses, and a lower abundance of archaea in feral horses compared with domestic ones.
  • This observation suggests that the conditions associated with domestication – restrictive diets, medication, and controlled environments – alter the gut microbiota of horses.

Key Findings: Genes and Carbohydrate Metabolism

  • The study also found that genes coding for enzymes responsible for carbohydrate metabolism were significantly more abundant in feral horses, irrespective of their geographical location.
  • This perhaps indicates that wild horses, often with a more diverse diet, may have gut microbiota better equipped to break down a variety of carbohydrates.

Key Findings: Antibiotic Resistance

  • The study identified differences between domestic and feral horses in terms of fecal resistomes (the collection of antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiome).
  • Specially, domestic horse microbiomes showed an enrichment of genes conferring resistance to tetracycline – a typical antibiotic used in horse healthcare management.

Implications of the Study

  • The results pointed to an “impoverishment” of the fecal microbiome in domestic horses compared to their wild counterparts, likely driven by factors such as diet, antibiotic exposure, and hygiene practices.
  • This provides important insights on how domestication or captivity can impact the gut health of horses.
  • The findings of this study could potentially highlight new options for modulating the gut microbiome of horses, and thereby enhancing animal health and welfare.

Cite This Article

APA
Ang L, Vinderola G, Endo A, Kantanen J, Jingfeng C, Binetti A, Burns P, Qingmiao S, Suying D, Zujiang Y, Rios-Covian D, Mantziari A, Beasley S, Gomez-Gallego C, Gueimonde M, Salminen S. (2022). Gut Microbiome Characteristics in feral and domesticated horses from different geographic locations. Commun Biol, 5(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03116-2

Publication

Communications biology
ISSN: 2399-3642
NlmUniqueID: 101719179
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Pages: 172
PII: 172

Researcher Affiliations

Ang, Li
  • Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
  • Department of Henan Gene Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
  • Department of Infection Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Vinderola, Gabriel
  • Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Endo, Akihito
  • Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan.
Kantanen, Juha
  • Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland.
Jingfeng, Chen
  • Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Binetti, Ana
  • Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Burns, Patricia
  • Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Qingmiao, Shi
  • Department of Henan Gene Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
  • Department of Infection Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Suying, Ding
  • Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Zujiang, Yu
  • Department of Henan Gene Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
  • Department of Infection Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Rios-Covian, David
  • Department and Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain.
Mantziari, Anastasia
  • Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Beasley, Shea
  • Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Gomez-Gallego, Carlos
  • Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
  • Institute of Public Health and Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Gueimonde, Miguel
  • Department and Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain. mgueimonde@ipla.csic.es.
Salminen, Seppo
  • Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. seppo.salminen@utu.fi.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Wild
  • Domestication
  • Feces
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / genetics
  • Horses
  • Microbiota

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
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