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Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere2025; 53(2); 132-137; doi: 10.1055/a-2519-7361

[Guttural pouch mycosis in a warmblood foal – Occlusion of the internal carotid artery using transendoscopic clip application].

Abstract: The present report describes an 8-week-old warmblood foal presented following two episodes of epistaxis. The foal had a history of an umbilical infection, which had been treated with antibiotics when it was 8 days old. Four days before admission the filly showed severe, self-limiting epistaxis. The second hemorrhage occurred on the day of admission. The foal was lethargic and the remainder of the clinical examination unremarkable. A latero-lateral radiograph of the head revealed a fluid line within the guttural pouch. Endoscopy showed large amounts of blood within the pharynx and the upper third of the trachea. Following cessation of the hemorrhage, the left guttural pouch was identified as the origin of the bleeding. A black-gray, plaque-like deposit upon the internal carotid artery of the left guttural pouch was discerned endoscopically. This led to the diagnosis of unilateral guttural pouch mycosis. Consequently, the internal carotid artery was closed using a transendoscopic clip application proximal and distal to the mycotic granuloma. The foal was discharged from the hospital and a re-examination 17 days later showed a satisfactory healing process and no remaining mycotic growth within the guttural pouch. The foal was in good general health. There was no further bleeding at the age of 7 months following closure of the internal carotid artery. A treatment complication in this case was temporary dysphagia with respiratory signs and fever, successfully treated with antibiotics. Der vorliegende Fall beschreibt ein 8 Wochen altes Warmblutfohlen, welches aufgrund von zweimaliger Epistaxis vorgestellt wurde. Vorberichtlich wurde im Alter von 8 Tagen eine Nabelentzündung antibiotisch behandelt. Das Stutfohlen war zunächst 4 Tage vor stationärer Aufnahme erstmalig mit hochgradiger Epistaxis aufgefallen. Die zweite Blutung fand am Tag der stationären Aufnahme statt. Das Allgemeinbefinden des Fohlens war zu diesem Zeitpunkt gestört. Die Röntgenaufnahme des Kopfes ergab einen Flüssigkeitsspiegel im Luftsack. Die Endoskopie zeigte großflächig Blutansammlung im gesamten Pharynx sowie im oberen Drittel der Trachea. Der Ursprung der Blutung konnte erst im weiteren Verlauf mit deren Sistieren dem linken Luftsack zugeordnet werden. Hierbei zeigte sich endoskopisch eine schwarz-graue, plaqueartige Auflagerung auf der Arteria carotis interna des linken Luftsacks. Es wurde die Diagnose einer einseitigen Luftsackmykose gestellt und infolgedessen die Arteria carotis interna mittels transendoskopischer Clipapplikation proximal und distal des mykotischen Granuloms verschlossen. Das Fohlen konnte im Anschluss nach Hause entlassen werden. Die Nachkontrolle 17 Tage später zeigte eine sich in Abheilung befindende Schleimhaut; es fanden sich keine Hinweise auf mykotisches Wachstum. Das Fohlen war bei ungestörtem Allgemeinbefinden. Eine erneute Blutung war im Alter von 7 Monaten nach Verschluss der Arteria carotis interna nicht aufgetreten. Als Komplikation trat in diesem Fall eine vorübergehende Dysphagie mit respiratorischer Symptomatik und Fieber auf, welche antibiotisch behandelt wurde.
Publication Date: 2025-04-15 PubMed ID: 40233776DOI: 10.1055/a-2519-7361Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This paper describes a case where an 8 weeks old warmblood foal suffered from guttural pouch mycosis, which was diagnosed and effectively treated through transendoscopic clip application on the internal carotid artery.

Case Presentation

  • The 8-week-old warmblood foal was brought in after experiencing two episodes of nose bleeding, known as epistaxis.
  • Prior to its admission to the veterinary hospital, the foal had undergone treatment for an umbilical infection when it was 8 days old.
  • Four days ahead of its admission, the stallion showed severe, self-healing nosebleed, which recurred on the admission day.
  • Alongside the recurring bleeding, the foal showed symptoms of lethargy, prompting further clinical examination.

Diagnosis

  • A lateral radiograph of the animal’s head was taken, revealing the presence of a fluid line within the guttural pouch, signaling an abnormal condition.
  • This was followed by endoscopy, which revealed significant amounts of blood within the pharynx area and the upper third of the trachea.
  • After stabilization of the hemorrhage, left guttural pouch was spotted as the bleeding source.
  • The endoscopy also identified a black and grey, plaque-like deposit on the internal carotid artery of the left guttural pouch, indicating the presence of mycotic granuloma.
  • These findings led to a conclusive diagnosis of unilateral guttural pouch mycosis.

Treatment and Outcome

  • A transendoscopic clip application was used to occlude the internal carotid artery on two points: proximal and distal to the identified mycotic granuloma, effectively blocking blood flow to the area.
  • Post-treatment, the foal was discharged from the hospital.
  • A re-examination after 17 days revealed satisfactory healing of the mucous membrane and absence of any further mycotic growth within the guttural pouch.
  • No more bleeding was detected at 7 months follow-up visit, indicating the success of the procedure.
  • Complications following treatment included a temporary difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) with associated respiratory symptoms and fever; however, these symptoms were successfully managed with antibiotic treatment.

In summary, the paper highlights an effective treatment strategy for guttural pouch mycosis in a foal, demonstrating that transendoscopic clip application can serve as a reliable method to control this condition.

Cite This Article

APA
Himmele M, Engl JPM, Schwarz BC. (2025). [Guttural pouch mycosis in a warmblood foal – Occlusion of the internal carotid artery using transendoscopic clip application]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 53(2), 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2519-7361

Publication

ISSN: 2567-5834
NlmUniqueID: 9715779
Country: Germany
Language: ger
Volume: 53
Issue: 2
Pages: 132-137

Researcher Affiliations

Himmele, Madeleine
  • Pferdeklinik Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen.
Engl, Johanna P M
  • Pferdeklinik Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen.
Schwarz, Bianca C
  • Pferdeinternist - Dr. Bianca C. Schwarz, Saarlouis.

MeSH Terms

  • Carotid Artery, Internal / surgery
  • Carotid Artery, Internal / pathology
  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Horse Diseases / surgery
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Epistaxis / veterinary
  • Epistaxis / etiology
  • Mycoses / veterinary
  • Mycoses / surgery
  • Mycoses / diagnosis
  • Endoscopy / veterinary
  • Endoscopy / methods
  • Male
  • Surgical Instruments / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

Es besteht für keinen der Autoren ein Interessenkonflikt.