Haematological, serum electrolyte and blood gas effects of small volume hypertonic saline in experimentally induced haemorrhagic shock.
Abstract: The effects of treatment with small volume hypertonic (2400 mOsm/litre) and isotonic (300 mOsm/litre) saline on serum electrolyte and biochemical concentrations, haemograms and blood gases were evaluated in 12 horses using a haemorrhagic shock model. Intravascular catheters were placed surgically for sample collection prior to anaesthesia. Controlled haemorrhage was initiated and continued until mean systemic pressure reached 50 to 60 mmHg. Hypertonic or isotonic saline (2 litres) was administered by intravenous infusion and data collected for 2 h. Following haemorrhage, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, blood glucose concentrations and erythrocyte numbers increased whereas plasma total protein and albumin concentrations decreased. Infusion of hypertonic saline resulted in a further decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations. Glucose concentrations and other haematological variables were unaffected. Isotonic saline administration did not affect electrolyte, total protein or albumin concentrations. Concentrations of sodium and chloride were unaffected by hypotension but increased significantly following hypertonic saline treatment, exceeding normal values during the immediate post treatment period. Serum osmolality increased concurrently. No significant changes in arterial and venous blood gas values were observed with haemorrhage or isotonic saline treatment. A transient decrease in arterial and venous blood pH and a sustained decrease in venous bicarbonate and base excess concentrations occurred following hypertonic saline administration. No significant increases in any serum biochemical concentrations occurred during hypotension or following infusion of either isotonic or hypertonic saline. These results demonstrate that small volume hypertonic saline can be administered safely to horses without producing extreme changes in electrolyte concentrations, blood gases or haematological parameters.
Publication Date: 1990-07-01 PubMed ID: 2120034DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04267.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigated how small amounts of hypertonic and isotonic saline solutions impact the blood composition and blood gases in horses experiencing induced hemorrhagic shock. The results revealed that hypertonic saline treatment caused some changes in the blood but did not lead to extreme alterations, suggesting its safe use in horses under such conditions.
Objective and Methodology
- The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of small-volume hypertonic (Highly concentrated) and isotonic (Normal concentration) saline treatments on horses in a state of induced haemorrhagic shock. The investigators used a sample of 12 horses and examined changes in blood composition and gas concentrations.
- Before proceeding with the test regime, the researchers ensured surgical placement of intravascular catheters for secure sample collection. The haemorrhagic shock in the horses was induced and maintained until the mean systemic pressure reached 50 to 60 mmHg.
- After inducing hemorrhagic shock, the isotonic or hypertonic saline solution was administered intravenously, and data was recorded for two hours.
Findings
- Following induced hemorrhage, there was an increase in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, blood glucose concentrations, and the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Simultaneously, there was a decrease in plasma total protein and albumin concentrations.
- The administration of hypertonic saline led to an additional decrease in the concentrations of total protein and albumin. No significant changes were observed in glucose concentrations and other haematological variables. Also, administration of isotonic saline did not bring about any changes in electrolyte, total protein, or albumin concentrations.
- Induced hypotension did not cause any alterations in sodium and chloride levels. However, these electrolyte levels significantly increased following hypertonic saline treatment, even exceeding normal values during the immediate treatment period. Along with this, serum osmolality (the concentration of all chemical particles found in the plasma) also increased.
- Neither induced haemorrhage nor isotonic saline treatment led to any significant shifts in arterial and venous blood gas values. Hypertonic saline administration led to a transient decrease in arterial and venous blood pH levels, alongside a sustained decrease in venous bicarbonate and base excess concentrations.
- The research findings indicated no significant increases in any serum biochemical concentrations during the period of induced hypotension or after the administration of either isotonic or hypertonic saline.
Conclusion
- The findings of this study showed that small volumes of hypertonic saline could be administered safely to horses without triggering extreme changes in blood composition, gas levels, or haematological parameters. This result provides insight into potential treatment methods for horses under conditions of haemorrhagic shock.
Cite This Article
APA
Schmall LM, Muir WW, Robertson JT.
(1990).
Haematological, serum electrolyte and blood gas effects of small volume hypertonic saline in experimentally induced haemorrhagic shock.
Equine Vet J, 22(4), 278-283.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04267.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bicarbonates / blood
- Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
- Blood Glucose / analysis
- Blood Proteins / analysis
- Carbon Dioxide / blood
- Electrolytes / blood
- Erythrocyte Count / veterinary
- Hematocrit / veterinary
- Hemoglobins / analysis
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Osmolar Concentration
- Oxygen / blood
- Random Allocation
- Saline Solution, Hypertonic / therapeutic use
- Serum Albumin / analysis
- Shock, Hemorrhagic / blood
- Shock, Hemorrhagic / therapy
- Shock, Hemorrhagic / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Cambier C, Ratz V, Rollin F, Frans A, Clerbaux T, Gustin P. The effects of hypertonic saline in healthy and diseased animals.. Vet Res Commun 1997 Jul;21(5):303-16.
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