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Haemodynamic effects of small volume hypertonic saline in experimentally induced haemorrhagic shock.
Abstract: A comparison of the haemodynamic benefits of small volume hypertonic saline (2,400 mOsm/litre) versus isotonic saline (300 mOsm/litre) was conducted in 12 adult horses using a haemorrhagic shock model. The horses were anaesthetised and intravascular catheters placed for the measurement of haemodynamic data. Mean systemic arterial pressure was then reduced to 50 to 60 mmHg by controlled haemorrhage and maintained at that level for 40 mins. Cardiac output, stroke volume, mean systemic arterial pressure, plasma volume and urine production decreased significantly following blood loss. Hypertonic or isotonic saline was administered randomly by intravenous infusion and haemodynamic data recorded for a 2 h period. Treatment with hypertonic saline produced rapid elevations in cardiac output, stroke volume, mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, cardiac contractility and urine output, and was accompanied by expansion of the plasma volume. The changes in cardiac output and stroke volume were maintained for the duration of the recording period, whereas increases in mean systemic arterial pressure were not as remarkable. Infusion of isotonic saline caused only transient increases in cardiac output and mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure, and cardiac output; urine output and plasma volume did not change. This study indicates that hypertonic saline produces haemodynamic improvements in experimentally induced haemorrhagic shock in horses.
Publication Date: 1990-07-01 PubMed ID: 2209524DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04266.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The researchers examined changes in blood flow and cardiac function in horses undergoing experimentally induced blood loss, comparing the effects of treatment with two types of saline solutions. They found that hypertonic saline caused significant improvements in a range of measurements related to cardiovascular health.
Experimental Design
- This study was conducted on 12 adult horses that were under anaesthesia. The researchers established a model of haemorrhagic (blood loss) shock in the animals.
- They achieved this by reducing the mean systemic arterial pressure to between 50 and 60 mmHg using controlled haemorrhage, and maintained this state for 40 minutes. This caused significant decreases in several key haemodynamic parameters – cardiac output (the amount of blood the heart pumps), stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected from the heart in a heartbeat), mean systemic arterial pressure (average blood pressure in the arteries), plasma volume and urine production.
Treatment and Collection of Data
- Next, the researchers randomly administered either a small volume of hypertonic saline (containing a high concentration of salts, 2,400 mOsm/litre) or isotonic saline (with the same concentration of salts as body fluids, 300 mOsm/litre) by intravenous infusion.
- They recorded haemodynamic data for the next 2 hours and compared the changes produced by the two different types of saline.
Results
- The hypertonic saline treatment led to a rapid increase in all the measured haemodynamic parameters and was also associated with an expansion of the plasma volume (the liquid portion of the blood).
- This improvement in cardiac output and stroke volume persisted for the entire recording period, though the increases in the mean systemic arterial pressure were not as pronounced.
- Conversely, the isotonic saline treatment caused only temporary increases in some of the haemodynamic parameters and did not change cardiac output, urine output or plasma volume.
Conclusion
- The results of this study suggest that hypertonic saline is a more effective treatment than isotonic saline for managing blood loss in horses, as it leads to sustained improvements in cardiac function and blood flow.
Cite This Article
APA
Schmall LM, Muir WW, Robertson JT.
(1990).
Haemodynamic effects of small volume hypertonic saline in experimentally induced haemorrhagic shock.
Equine Vet J, 22(4), 273-277.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04266.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Cardiac Output
- Heart Rate
- Hemodynamics
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses
- Plasma Volume
- Saline Solution, Hypertonic / therapeutic use
- Shock, Hemorrhagic / physiopathology
- Shock, Hemorrhagic / therapy
- Shock, Hemorrhagic / veterinary
- Sodium Chloride / therapeutic use
- Solutions
- Stroke Volume
- Urine
- Vascular Resistance
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Crabtree NE, Epstein KL. Current Concepts in Fluid Therapy in Horses. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:648774.
- Assadi A, Desebbe O, Rimmelé T, Florence A, Goudable J, Chassard D, Allaouchiche B. Small-volume hypertonic saline/pentastarch improves ileal mucosal microcirculation in experimental peritonitis. Infect Dis Rep 2012 Jan 2;4(1):e22.
- Wang YL, Lam KK, Cheng PY, Kung CW, Chen SY, Chao CC, Hwang HR, Chung MT, Lee YM. The cardioprotective effect of hypertonic saline is associated with inhibitory effect on macrophage migration inhibitory factor in sepsis. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:201614.
- Chesnel MA, Aprea F, Clutton RE. Anesthetic management of a horse with traumatic pneumothorax. Can Vet J 2012 Jun;53(6):648-52.
- Koch A, Kaske M. Clinical efficacy of intravenous hypertonic saline solution or hypertonic bicarbonate solution in the treatment of inappetent calves with neonatal diarrhea. J Vet Intern Med 2008 Jan-Feb;22(1):202-11.
- Cambier C, Ratz V, Rollin F, Frans A, Clerbaux T, Gustin P. The effects of hypertonic saline in healthy and diseased animals. Vet Res Commun 1997 Jul;21(5):303-16.
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