FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Med Vet Entomol / Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals in E...
Medical and veterinary entomology2021; 35(3); 333-351; doi: 10.1111/mve.12502

Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals in Egypt: diagnostic characters and a taxonomic key to the collected species.

Abstract: Ticks are important vectors of emerging health problems in humans and animals. We conducted several field surveillances to investigate the fauna of hard ticks on domestic animals in seven governorates of Egypt during 2018-2019. A total of 3265 individual tick specimens were collected and identified to the species level; the specimens belong to 11 species within three genera (Amblyomma, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus). Tick infestation was highest in dromedary camels (70%), followed by dogs (52.5%), cattle (50%), buffaloes (38%), and horses (12%). Ten species were collected from dromedary camels, 2 from cattle, and one species from dogs, buffaloes, and horses. Diagnostic characters with high-quality photographic images of the 11 tick species were provided. New measurements of the body regions such as spiracles and body grooves were also obtained to provide further details on morphological variations among the diverse tick species. This study provided detailed descriptions of the genital apertures of five Hyalomma species. Morphological variations of male Hyalomma impeltatum, and genital apertures of female Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma excavatum were also examined in this study. Finally, we provided additional details on local geographic distributions, hosts, endemicity status, and disease relationships of the eleven tick species.
© 2021 The Royal Entomological Society.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-01-16 PubMed ID: 33452827DOI: 10.1111/mve.12502Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article focuses on a comprehensive study on hard ticks infesting domestic animals in Egypt, particularly focusing on their taxonomy, their host prevalence, and provided detailed morphological information for identification purposes.

Examination of Ticks and Field Surveillances

  • The researchers conducted field surveillances on domestic animals in seven Egyptian governorates to study the distribution of hard ticks. This was carried out between 2018 and 2019.
  • A total of 3265 individual tick specimens were collected for the study. These specimens were identified at the species level and were classified into 11 species within three genera – Amblyomma, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus.

Results of Species Infestation on Different Hosts

  • The study discovered that highest amounts of tick infestation was observed in dromedary camels (70%), followed by dogs (52.5%), cattle (50%), buffaloes (38%), and horses (12%).
  • Out of the 11 species of ticks found, ten species infested the dromedary camels, two infested cattle while a single species was found on dogs, buffaloes, and horses.

Morphological Characteristics and Identification Key

  • The study provided diagnostic characters and high-quality photographic images of the 11 tick species to aid in their identification. This also included new measurements of the body regions such as spiracles and body grooves to further detail on morphological variations among the various species.
  • For the first time, detailed descriptions of the genital apertures of five Hyalomma species were provided. The study further investigated morphological variations of the male Hyalomma impeltatum, and the genital apertures of the female Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma excavatum.

Geographic Distribution and Disease Relationships of Tick Species

  • The work also provided additional data and insights on local geographic distributions of tick species, the hosts they infest, their endemic status, as well as their disease relationships.
  • This type of research is crucial in helping tackle tick-borne diseases which pose emerging health problems in both humans and animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Okely M, Anan R, Gad-Allah S, Samy AM. (2021). Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals in Egypt: diagnostic characters and a taxonomic key to the collected species. Med Vet Entomol, 35(3), 333-351. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12502

Publication

Medical and veterinary entomology
ISSN: 1365-2915
NlmUniqueID: 8708682
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 35
Issue: 3
Pages: 333-351

Researcher Affiliations

Okely, M
  • Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
Anan, R
  • Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
Gad-Allah, S
  • Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
Samy, A M
  • Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Domestic
  • Cattle
  • Cattle Diseases
  • Dog Diseases / epidemiology
  • Dogs
  • Egypt
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Ixodidae
  • Male
  • Rhipicephalus
  • Tick Infestations / epidemiology
  • Tick Infestations / veterinary

References

This article includes 76 references
  1. Abbas A, Abd El Baky S, Nadia H, Abd El-Mohsen A, Awad Elham S. Seasonal abundance of hard ticks (Ixodidae) in two localities (Giza and Esmaielya governorates) of Egypt.. Journal of Faculty of Science Minoufiya University 20, 65-87.
  2. Abd El-Baky SMM, Allam NA. Anaplasmosis in ruminants and infesting ticks vectors settling Egyptian desert: epidemiological updates regarding genetic profiles.. Bioscience Research 15, 2651-2667.
  3. Abdel-Shafy S, Allam NA. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR detection of flaviviruses associated with camel ticks in Egypt.. Global Veterinaria 10, 394-402.
  4. Abdel-Shafy S, Allam NA, Mediannikov O, Parola P, Raoult D. Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae associated with ixodid ticks in Egypt.. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, NY) 12, 346.
  5. Abdel-Shafy S, Allam NA, Mona SM. Molecular Descriptionof Anaplasma biodiversity regarding 16SrDNA, msp4, hsp60, and rpoB profiles in Ixodid ticks infesting animals from some Egyptian provinces.. 41, 121-136.
  6. Abdullah HH, El-Molla A, Salib FA, Allam NA, Ghazy AA, Abdel-Shafy S. Morphological and molecular identification of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) vectors of rickettsioses in Egypt.. Veterinary World 9, 1087-1101.
  7. Abdullah HH, El-Shanawany EE, Abdel-Shafy S, Abou-Zeina HA, Abdel-Rahman EH. Molecular and immunological characterization of Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma excavatum (Acari: Ixodidae) vectors of Q fever in camels.. Veterinary World 11, 1109-1119.
  8. Aboelhadid SM, Arafa WM, Wahba A, Mahrous LN, Ibrahium SM, Holman PJ. Effect of high concentrations of lufenuron, pyriproxyfen and hydroprene on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus.. Veterinary Parasitology 256, 35-42.
  9. Adham FK, Abd-El-Samie E, Gabre R, El Hussein H. Detection of tick blood parasites in Egypt using PCR assay I-Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina.. Parasitology Research 105, 721.
  10. Adham FK, Abd-El-Samie E, Gabre R, El Hussein H. Detection of tick blood parasites in Egypt using PCR assay II-Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 40, 553-564.
  11. AL-Hosary AA. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for diagnosis of bovine Babesiosis (Babesia bovis infection) in Egypt: LAMP assay for diagnosis of bovine babesiosis.. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research 7, 71-74.
  12. Allam NA, El Moghazy FM, Abdel-Baky SM. Molecular epidemiological updates on spotted fever rickettsioses in animal species and their hard ticks settling Egyptian desert.. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research 8, 65.
  13. Amin OM, Madbouly MH. Distribution and seasonal dynamics of a tick, a louse fly, and a louse infesting dogs in the Nile Valley and Delta of Egypt.. Journal of Medical Entomology 10, 295-298.
  14. Aouadi A, Leulmi H, Boucheikhchoukh M, Benakhla A, Raoult D, Parola P. Molecular evidence of tick-borne hemoprotozoan-parasites (Theileria ovis and Babesia ovis) and bacteria in ticks and blood from small ruminants in northern Algeria.. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 50, 34-39.
  15. Apanaskevich DA, Horak IG. The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844: V. re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H.(Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology.. International Journal of Acarology 34, 13-42.
  16. Apanaskevich DA, Horak IG. The genus Hyalomma. VI. Systematics of H.(Euhyalomma) truncatum and the closely related species, H.(E.) albiparmatum and H.(E.) nitidum (Acari: Ixodidae).. Experimental and Applied Acarology 44, 115-136.
  17. Apanaskevich DA, Horak IG. The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. IX. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H.(Euhyalomma) impeltatum Schulze & Schlottke, 1930 and H.(E.) somalicum Tonelli Rondelli, 1935 (Acari: Ixodidae).. Systematic Parasitology 73, 199-218.
  18. Apanaskevich DA, Schuster AL, Horak IG. The genus Hyalomma: VII. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H.(Euhyalomma) dromedarii and H.(E.) schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae).. Journal of Medical Entomology 45, 817-831.
  19. Asmaa NM, ElBably MA, Shokier KA. Studies on prevalence, risk indicators and control options for tick infestation in ruminants.. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3, 68-73.
  20. Bakirci S, Sarali H, Aydin L, Eren H, Karagenc T. Distribution and seasonal activity of tick species on cattle in the West Aegean region of Turkey.. Experimental and Applied Acarology 56, 165-178.
  21. Barghash S, Hafez A, Darwish A, El-Naga T. Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks infesting camels in Matrouh governorate, Egypt.. Journal of Bacteriology and Parasitology 7, 2.
  22. Chisholm K, Dueger E, Fahmy NT. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks from imported livestock, Egypt.. Emerging Infectious Diseases 18, 181-182.
  23. de la Fuente J, Estrada-Pena A, Venzal JM, Kocan KM, Sonenshine DE. Overview: ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals.. Frontiers in Bioscience 13, 6938-6946.
  24. Donalisio MR, Souza CE, Angerami RN, Samy AM. Mapping Brazilian spotted fever: linking etiological agent, vectors, and hosts.. Acta Tropica 207, 105496.
  25. El Kady G. Protozoal parasites in tick species infesting camels in Sinai peninsula.. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 28, 765.
  26. El Kammah K, Oyoun L, El Kady G, Shafy S. Investigation of blood parasites in livestock infested with argasid and ixodid ticks in Egypt.. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 31, 365-371.
  27. El Kammah K, Oyoun L, Shafy S. Detection of microorganisms in the saliva and midgut smears of different tick species (Acari: Ixodoidea) in Egypt.. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 37, 533-539.
  28. El-Ashram S, Aboelhadid SM, Kamel AA, Mahrous LN, Fahmy MM. First report of cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus in Egypt resistant to Ivermectin.. Insects 10, 404.
  29. El-Sadawy HA, Abdel-Shafy S. Laboratory and field studies on entomopathogenic nematodes as a biocontrol agent for the cattle tick Boophilus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae).. Acarologia 47, 25-31.
  30. El-Seify M, Mahran O, El-Aal A. Epidemiological studies on hard ticks and tick borne parasites, in Shalatin City, red sea governorate, Egypt.. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 57, 305-332.
  31. Estrada-Pena A, Venzal JM. Climate niches of tick species in the Mediterranean region: modeling of occurrence data, distributional constraints, and impact of climate change.. Journal of Medical Entomology 44, 1130-1138.
  32. Estrada-Pena A, D'Amico G, Palomar AM. A comparative test of ixodid tick identification by a network of European researchers.. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 8, 540-546.
  33. Estrada-Peña A, Mihalca AD, Petney TN. Ticks of Europe and North Africa: A Guide to Species Identification.. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
  34. Fahmy M, El-Rahman A, Ashmawy K. Studies on the susceptibility of ixo'did'ticks to babesia and theileria infectionin Egypt.. .
  35. Fard SRN, Fathi S, Asl EN, Nazhad HA, Kazeroni SS. Hard ticks on one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) and their seasonal population dynamics in southeast, Iran.. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44, 197-200.
  36. Feldman-Muhsarn B. The ticks of Sinai.. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 9B, 57-64.
  37. Gabriele-Rivet V, Arsenault J, Badcock J. Different ecological niches for ticks of public health significance in Canada.. PLoS One 10, e0131282.
  38. Ghafar MW, Amer SA. Prevalence and first molecular characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks attached to dogs from Egypt.. Journal of Advanced Research 3, 189-194.
  39. Ghoneim NH, Abdel-Moein KA, Zaher HM. Molecular detection of Francisella spp. among ticks attached to camels in Egypt.. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 17, 384-387.
  40. Guglielmone AA, Robbins RG, Apanaskevich DA, Petney TN, Estrada-Peña A, Horak IG. The Hard Ticks of the World.. Springuer, New York, NY.
  41. Hadley A. Combine ZP Software, New Version.. www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/CZP/News.htm [accessed 26 June 2012].
  42. Hamed MI, Zaitoun AM, El-Allawy TA, Mourad MI. Investigation of Theileria camelensis in camels infested by Hyalomma dromedarii ticks in upper Egypt.. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research 1, 4-7.
  43. Haridy FM, Hassan AAA, Hafez AO, El-Sherbini GT, Morsy TA. External and intestinal parasites of pet dogs with reference to zoonotic toxocariasis.. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 39, 321-326.
  44. Hassan MI, Gabr HS, Abdel-Shafy S, Hammad KM, Mokhtar MM. Molecular detection of Borrelia sp. in ornithodoros savignyi and rhipicephalus annulatus by FlaB gene and babesia bigemina in R. annulatus by 18S rRNA gene.. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 47, 403-414.
  45. Hassan MI, Gabr HS, Abdel-Shafy S, Hammad KM, Mokhtar MM. Prevalence of tick-vectors of Theileria annulata infesting the one-humped camels in Giza, Egypt.. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 47, 425-432.
  46. Hoogstraal H. Notes on Egyptian ticks (Ixodoidea). I. the genus Argas (Argasidae) in the Cairo area.. Proceedings of the Egyptian. Academy of Sciences 7, 114-127.
  47. Hoogstraal H. African Ixodoidea: 1. Ticks of the Sudan (with Special Reference to Equatorial Province and with Preliminary Reviews of the Genera Boophilus, Margaropus, and Hyalomma).. .
  48. Hoogstraal H. Viruses and ticks.. Viruses and Invertebmtes (ed. by A.J. Gibbs) pp. 349-390. North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam.
  49. Hoogstraal H, Kaiser M. The ticks (Ixodoidea) of Egypt. A brief review and keys.. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association 33, 1101.
  50. Hoogstraal H, Kaiser MN. Observations on Egyptian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). 5. Biological notes and differences in identity of H. anatolicum and its subspecies anatolicum Koch and excavatum Koch among Russian and other workers. Identity of H. lusitanicum Koch.. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 52, 243-261.
  51. Horak IG, Heyne H, Williams R. The Ixodid Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Southern Africa.. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
  52. Huchet JB, Callou C, Lichtenberg R, Dunand F. The dog mummy, the ticks and the louse fly: archaeological report of severe ectoparasitosis in ancient Egypt.. International Journal of Paleopathology 3, 165-175.
  53. Kerario II, Muleya W, Chenyambuga S, Koski M, Hwang SG, Simuunza M. Abundance and distribution of Ixodid tick species infesting cattle reared under traditional farming systems in Tanzania.. African Journal of Agricultural Research 12, 286-299.
  54. Labuda M, Nuttall P. Tick-borne viruses.. Parasitology 129, S221-S245.
  55. Lange JV, El Dessouky AG, Manor E, Merdan AI, Azad AF. Spotted fever rickettsiae in ticks from the northern Sinai Governate, Egypt.. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 46, 546-551.
  56. Liebish A, Rahaman MS, Hoogstaal H. Tick fauna of Egypt with special reference to studies on Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum the natural vector of theilerioses.. Progress in Acarology 1, 55-58.
  57. Loftis AD, Reeves WK, Szumlas DE. Rickettsial agents in Egyptian ticks collected from domestic animals.. Experimental & Applied Acarology 40, 67-81.
  58. Mahrous LN, Kamel AA. Resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annultus populations against commercial preparation of Deltamethrin, Beni-Suef, Egypt.. Egyptian Veterinary Medical Society of Parasitology Journal (EVMSPJ) 12, 11-24.
  59. Mazyad S, Khalaf S. Studies on theileria and babesia infecting live and slaughtered animals in Al Arish and El Hasanah, North Sinai governorate, Egypt.. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 32, 601.
  60. Morel P. Les Tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin Méditerranéen (1965-1995).. Can Tho: CIRAD-EMVT, 1342.
  61. Okely M, Anan R, Gad-Allah S, Samy AM. Mapping the environmental suitability of etiological agent and tick vectors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.. Acta Tropica 203, 105319.
  62. Parola P, Raoult D. Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat.. Clinical Infectious Diseases 32, 897-928.
  63. Perveen N, Bin Muzaffar S, Al-Deeb MA. Population dynamics of Hyalomma dromedarii on camels in The United Arab Emirates.. Insects 11, 320.
  64. Ramadan M, Elakabawy L, Elmadawy R, Kamal M. Prevalence of hard tick infesting cattle with a special reference to microscopic and molecular early diagnosis of tick born piroplasms.. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 30, 51-60.
  65. Rizkalla E, Hassanain M, Fahmy M, El-Bahy M. Prevalence of tick-vectors in New Valley governorate, Egypt.. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science (Egypt) 29, 89-97.
  66. Robinson LE. The Genus Amblyomma.-Ticks: A Monograph of the Ixodoidea, Fart IV.. .
  67. Rohlf F. tpsDig v. 2.16.. Department of Ecology and Evolution. State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY.
  68. Rouby S, Hussein K, Aboelhadid SE, Sherif AM. Role of rhipicephalus annulatus tick in transmission of lumpy skin disease virus in naturally infected cattle in Egypt.. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 5, 185-191.
  69. Rubina M, Braverman Y, Frish K. Ticks collected from domestic animals in Sinai and adjoining areas in Israel and their medical and veterinary importance.. Cahiers-ORSTOM. Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie 22, 303-311.
  70. Said MB, Belkahia H, Messadi L. Anaplasma spp. in North Africa: a review on molecular epidemiology, associated risk factors and genetic characteristics.. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases 9, 543-555.
  71. Schöl H, Dongus H, Gothe R. Morphology of spiracles in adult Hyalomma truncatum ticks (Acari; Ixodidae).. Experimental & Applied Acarology 19, 287-306.
  72. Shemshad K, Rafinejad J, Kamali K. Species diversity and geographic distribution of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) infesting domestic ruminants, in Qazvin Province, Iran.. Parasitology Research 110, 373-380.
  73. Van Straten M, Jongejan F. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the Sinai, Egypt with a note on the acaricidal efficacy of ivermectin.. Experimental & Applied Acarology 17, 605-616.
  74. Walker A, Bouattour A, Camicas JL. Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: A Guide to Identification of Species.. Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: Bioscience Reports.
  75. Williams R, Hoogstraal H, Casals J, Kaiser M, Moussa M. Isolation of Wanowrie, Thogoto, and Dhori viruses from Hyalomma ticks infesting camels in Egypt.. Journal of Medical Entomology 10, 143-146.
  76. Youssef SY, Yasien S, Mousa WMA. Vector identification and clinical, hematological, biochemical, and parasitological characteristics of camel (Camelus dromedarius) theileriosis in Egypt.. Tropical Animal Health and Production 47, 649-656.

Citations

This article has been cited 18 times.
  1. Abouelhassan EM, Kamel MS, Chitimia-Dobler L, Bakkes DK, Okely M. Molecular screening of Amblyomma species (Acari: Ixodidae) imported from African countries to Egypt, with the first report of Amblyomma latum from the ball python, Python regius (Squamata: Pythonidae). Exp Appl Acarol 2023 Sep;91(1):123-132.
    doi: 10.1007/s10493-023-00829-9pubmed: 37552406google scholar: lookup
  2. Mahdy OA, Nassar AM, Elsawy BSM, Alzan HF, Kandil OM, Mahmoud MS, Suarez CE. Cross-sectional analysis of Piroplasma species-infecting camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Egypt using a multipronged molecular diagnostic approach. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1178511.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1178511pubmed: 37187929google scholar: lookup
  3. Noll M, Wall R, Makepeace BL, Vineer HR. Distribution of ticks in the Western Palearctic: an updated systematic review (2015-2021). Parasit Vectors 2023 Apr 24;16(1):141.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05773-6pubmed: 37095583google scholar: lookup
  4. Gamal A, Aboelhadid SM, Abo El-Ela FI, Abdel-Baki AS, Ibrahium SM, El-Mallah AM, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Gadelhaq SM. Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks. Microorganisms 2023 Mar 13;11(3).
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11030733pubmed: 36985306google scholar: lookup
  5. Ashour R, Hamza D, Kadry M, Sabry MA. The Surveillance of Borrelia Species in Camelus dromedarius and Associated Ticks: The First Detection of Borrelia miyamotoi in Egypt. Vet Sci 2023 Feb 10;10(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci10020141pubmed: 36851446google scholar: lookup
  6. Abdelbaset AE, Nonaka N, Nakao R. Tick-borne diseases in Egypt: A one health perspective. One Health 2022 Dec;15:100443.
    doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100443pubmed: 36561707google scholar: lookup
  7. Okely M, Bakkes DK, Chitimia-Dobler L. Morphological abnormalities in Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma rufipes (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Aswan, Egypt. Exp Appl Acarol 2022 Oct;88(2):225-241.
    doi: 10.1007/s10493-022-00747-2pubmed: 36309608google scholar: lookup
  8. Okely M, Al-Khalaf AA. Predicting the potential distribution of the cattle fever tick Rhipicephalus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) using ecological niche modeling. Parasitol Res 2022 Dec;121(12):3467-3476.
    doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07670-wpubmed: 36136139google scholar: lookup
  9. Bendary HA, Rasslan F, Wainwright M, Alfarraj S, Zaki AM, Abdulall AK. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from imported camels in Egypt. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022 Apr;29(4):2597-2603.
    doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.043pubmed: 35531170google scholar: lookup
  10. Alsubki RA, Albohairy FM, Attia KA, Kimiko I, Selim A, Sayed-Ahmed MZ. Assessment of Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Anaplasmosis in Camelus dromedarius. Vet Sci 2022 Jan 30;9(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9020057pubmed: 35202310google scholar: lookup
  11. Elsawy BSM, Nassar AM, Alzan HF, Bhoora RV, Ozubek S, Mahmoud MS, Kandil OM, Mahdy OA. Rapid Detection of Equine Piroplasms Using Multiplex PCR and First Genetic Characterization of Theileria haneyi in Egypt. Pathogens 2021 Oct 31;10(11).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens10111414pubmed: 34832570google scholar: lookup
  12. Okely M, Ali AAB. Assessment of Chlorella vulgaris as a biological control agent against tortoise tick Hyalomma aegyptium (Acari: Ixodidae) in Egypt. Sci Rep 2025 Aug 15;15(1):29977.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13971-8pubmed: 40817393google scholar: lookup
  13. Yousery A, Soliman DE, Samy AA, Allam AM, Shaalan MG, Abdel Hamid AE. Molecular detection of some zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from camels (Camelus dromedarius) as hosts and wild rodents as potential reservoirs. Vet Res Commun 2024 Oct;48(5):3197-3207.
    doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10488-9pubmed: 39145855google scholar: lookup
  14. Mahmoud HYAH, Shahat MS, Fereig RM, Ali AO, Emeish WFA, Soliman AM, Khalifa FA, Tanaka T. Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma marginale and Babesia canis vogeli infecting dogs in Luxor, Egypt. Sci Rep 2024 Jul 23;14(1):16888.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67009-6pubmed: 39043715google scholar: lookup
  15. Abouelhassan EM, GadAllah S, Kamel MS, Kamal M, Elsayed HH, Sallam NH, Okely M. Molecular identification and morphological variations of Amblyomma lepidum imported to Egypt, with notes about its potential distribution under climate change. Parasitol Res 2024 Jul 17;123(7):276.
    doi: 10.1007/s00436-024-08284-0pubmed: 39017762google scholar: lookup
  16. Ramadan RM, Taha NM, Auda HM, Elsamman EM, El-Bahy MM, Salem MA. Molecular and immunological studies on Theileria equi and its vector in Egypt. Exp Appl Acarol 2024 Aug;93(2):439-458.
    doi: 10.1007/s10493-024-00933-4pubmed: 38967736google scholar: lookup
  17. Elsawy BSM, Mahmoud MS, Suarez CE, Alzan HF. Impact of Equine and Camel Piroplasmosis in Egypt: How Much Do We Know about the Current Situation?. Pathogens 2023 Nov 5;12(11).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens12111318pubmed: 38003783google scholar: lookup
  18. Abdelbaset AE, Kwak ML, Nonaka N, Nakao R. Human-biting ticks and zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in North Africa: diversity, distribution, and trans-Mediterranean public health challenges. One Health 2023 Jun;16:100547.
    doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100547pubmed: 37363219google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.