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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Biometeorol / Heat stress in horses: a literature review.
International journal of biometeorology2023; 67(6); 957-973; doi: 10.1007/s00484-023-02467-7

Heat stress in horses: a literature review.

Abstract: Healthy adult horses can balance accumulation and dissipation of body heat to maintain their body temperature between 37.5 and 38.5 °C, when they are in their thermoneutral zone (5 to 25 °C). However, under some circumstances, such as following strenuous exercise under hot, or hot and humid conditions, the accumulation of body heat exceeds dissipation and horses can suffer from heat stress. Prolonged or severe heat stress can lead to anhidrosis, heat stroke, or brain damage in the horse. To ameliorate the negative effects of high heat load in the body, early detection of heat stress and immediate human intervention is required to reduce the horse's elevated body temperature in a timely manner. Body temperature measurement and deviations from the normal range are used to detect heat stress. Rectal temperature is the most commonly used method to monitor body temperature in horses, but other body temperature monitoring technologies, percutaneous thermal sensing microchips or infrared thermometry, are currently being studied for routine monitoring of the body temperature of horses as a more practical alternative. When heat stress is detected, horses can be cooled down by cool water application, air movement over the horse (e.g., fans), or a combination of these. The early detection of heat stress and the use of the most effective cooling methods is important to improve the welfare of heat stressed horses.
© 2023. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2023-04-15 PubMed ID: 37060454PubMed Central: PMC10267279DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02467-7Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the effects of heat stress on horses and presents methods used for early detection of heat stress. It emphasizes the welfare of horses by proposing more effective cooling methods for dealing with heat stress.

Understanding Heat Stress

  • Heat stress in horses occurs when horses are unable to balance the accumulation and dissipation of body heat, resulting in a body temperature exceeding their usual range of 37.5 to 38.5 °C.
  • This typically happens during strenuous exercise under hot, or hot and humid conditions when the horse’s thermoneutral zone (5 to 25 °C) is surpassed.
  • Prolonged or severe heat stress can have dangerous effects, leading to anhidrosis (inability to sweat), heat stroke, or even brain damage.
  • Early human intervention is crucial in mitigating the harmful effects of heat stress. This involves detecting heat stress as soon as possible and taking actions to reduce the horse’s elevated body temperature.

Detecting Heat Stress

  • Body temperature beyond a horse’s normal range is an indicator of possible heat stress. Hence, routine body temperature monitoring can help in early detection.
  • Rectal temperature estimation is commonly practiced to monitor a horse’s body temperature.
  • Newer technologies are being studied for their potential to offer more practical alternatives for routine body temperature monitoring. These include percutaneous thermal sensing microchips or infrared thermometry.

Dealing with Heat Stress

  • Once heat stress is detected in a horse, immediate intervention needs to be made. Actions to cool the horse down, such as the application of cool water, increasing air movement around the horse using fans, or a combination of these can be beneficial in temperature control.
  • The utilization of the most effective cooling methods and early detection can significantly contain the impact of heat stress and contribute substantially to horse welfare. Improved methods will also reduce the risk of long-term damage.

Cite This Article

APA
Kang H, Zsoldos RR, Sole-Guitart A, Narayan E, Cawdell-Smith AJ, Gaughan JB. (2023). Heat stress in horses: a literature review. Int J Biometeorol, 67(6), 957-973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-023-02467-7

Publication

International journal of biometeorology
ISSN: 1432-1254
NlmUniqueID: 0374716
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 67
Issue: 6
Pages: 957-973

Researcher Affiliations

Kang, Hyungsuk
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia. h.kang@uq.edu.au.
Zsoldos, Rebeka R
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
Sole-Guitart, Albert
  • School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
Narayan, Edward
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
Cawdell-Smith, A Judith
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
Gaughan, John B
  • School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Humidity
  • Respiration
  • Hot Temperature
  • Body Temperature
  • Fever
  • Body Temperature Regulation

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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