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Helicobacter equorum sp. nov., a urease-negative Helicobacter species isolated from horse faeces.
Abstract: Gram-negative, curved, motile bacteria (strains EqF1T and EqF2) were isolated from faecal samples from two clinically healthy horses. Both strains possessed a single, monopolar, sheathed flagellum and were urease-negative. The novel strains grew at 37 degrees C under microaerobic conditions and were positive for oxidase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The isolates reduced nitrate to nitrite, but gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was not detected. The novel isolates did not grow at 42 degrees C or on media containing 1 % glycine. They were resistant to cephalotin and nalidixic acid and susceptible to metronidazole. Analysis of the 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences of the two novel strains identified them as representing a single species within the genus Helicobacter. In terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter canadensis were the most closely related species (98 % similarity). 23S rRNA gene sequence analysis also classified strains EqF1T and EqF2 within the enterohepatic division of the genus Helicobacter, but only 94 % similarity was detected with H. pullorum and H. canadensis, which are helicobacters with unsheathed flagella. The most closely related species in terms of 23S rRNA gene sequence similarity was Helicobacter canis (95 %). Numerical analysis of whole-cell protein extracts by SDS-PAGE was performed and the novel isolates were clearly differentiated from H. pullorum, H. canadensis, H. canis and other species of the genus Helicobacter. This finding was also confirmed by sequence analysis of the hsp60 gene. On the basis of these genetic, biochemical and protein data, the isolates are classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Helicobacter equorum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain EqF1T=LMG 23362T=CCUG 52199T).
Publication Date: 2007-02-03 PubMed ID: 17267952DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64279-0Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The researchers have discovered a new species of bacteria that they have named Helicobacter equorum. This bacteria was isolated from healthy horse faecal matter and differs significantly from other bacteria in the Helicobacter genus.
Experiment and Isolation
- During their research, the team isolated two strains of bacteria from the faeces of two different, clinically healthy horses. These were called strains EqF1T and EqF2.
- The bacteria were gram-negative, curved and motile. The identifying feature was a single, monopolar, sheathed flagellum. Unlike many other species in the Helicobacter genus, the new strain was found to be urease-negative.
- Conditions for optimal growth of these bacteria were found to be microaerobic conditions at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. They could not survive at 42 degrees Celsius or in media containing 1% glycine.
Further Analysis
- The bacterial strains exhibited positive reactions for oxidase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase. They could also reduce nitrate to nitrite. However, the strains lacked gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity.
- Testing these strains for their antibiotic resistance revealed they were resistant to cephalotin and nalidixic acid but susceptible to metronidazole.
Classification and Naming
- The DNA of these isolates was sequenced, and the 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences were analysed to confirm that they represented a single new species within the Helicobacter genus.
- When compared to established Helicobacter species, specifically H. pullorum and H. canadensis, the novel strains’ 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was scored at 98%. The 23S rRNA gene sequence showed a lower similarity of 94%.
- Further genetic, biochemical, and protein data helped in firmly establishing these strains as a new species. The research team decided to name them Helicobacter equorum due to their origin from horse faeces. The type strain was recorded as EqF1T.
Unique Differentiation
- Numerical analysis of whole-cell protein extracts by using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was conducted to compare the novel species with other Helicobacter species.
- This process determined that the new isolates were clearly different from H. pullorum, H. canadensis, H. canis and other species of the genus Helicobacter.
- This finding of the novel species was also independently verified by the sequence analysis of their hsp60 gene.
Cite This Article
APA
Moyaert H, Decostere A, Vandamme P, Debruyne L, Mast J, Baele M, Ceelen L, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F.
(2007).
Helicobacter equorum sp. nov., a urease-negative Helicobacter species isolated from horse faeces.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 57(Pt 2), 213-218.
https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64279-0 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- CODA - CERVA - VAR, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Aerobiosis
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
- Bacterial Proteins / analysis
- Bacterial Proteins / isolation & purification
- Chaperonin 60 / genetics
- DNA, Bacterial / chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial / genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal / chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Enzymes / analysis
- Feces / microbiology
- Flagella / physiology
- Genes, rRNA / genetics
- Helicobacter / classification
- Helicobacter / cytology
- Helicobacter / isolation & purification
- Helicobacter / physiology
- Horses / microbiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Movement
- Nitrates / metabolism
- Nitrites / metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Proteome / analysis
- Proteome / isolation & purification
- RNA, Bacterial / genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Temperature
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Gibson K, Chu JK, Zhu S, Nguyen D, Mrázek J, Liu J, Hoover TR. A Tripartite Efflux System Affects Flagellum Stability in Helicobacter pylori. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Oct 1;23(19).
- Lo Verso L, Talbot G, Morissette B, Guay F, Matte JJ, Farmer C, Gong J, Wang Q, Bissonnette N, Beaulieu C, Lessard M. The combination of nutraceuticals and functional feeds as additives modulates gut microbiota and blood markers associated with immune response and health in weanling piglets. J Anim Sci 2020 Aug 1;98(8).
- Berthenet E, Bénéjat L, Ménard A, Varon C, Lacomme S, Gontier E, Raymond J, Boussaba O, Toulza O, Ducournau A, Buissonnière A, Giese A, Megraud F, Bessède E, Jehanne Q, Lehours P. Whole-Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics as Pertinent Tools to Support Helicobacteracae Taxonomy, Based on Three Strains Suspected to Belong to Novel Helicobacter Species. Front Microbiol 2019;10:2820.
- Banse HE, Andrews FM. Equine glandular gastric disease: prevalence, impact and management strategies. Vet Med (Auckl) 2019;10:69-76.
- Lauková A, Styková E, Kubašová I, Gancarčíková S, Plachá I, Mudroňová D, Kandričáková A, Miltko R, Belzecki G, Valocký I, Strompfová V. Enterocin M and its Beneficial Effects in Horses-a Pilot Experiment. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018 Sep;10(3):420-426.
- On SLW, Miller WG, Houf K, Fox JG, Vandamme P. Minimal standards for describing new species belonging to the families Campylobacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae: Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter and Wolinella spp. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017 Dec;67(12):5296-5311.
- Mori N, Kagawa N, Higuchi A, Aoki Y, Ohkusu K. Sepsis Due to a Novel Urease-Positive Helicobacter Species in a Young Man. J Clin Microbiol 2015 Jul;53(7):2378-80.
- Yadegar A, Alebouyeh M, Lawson AJ, Mirzaei T, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Zali MR. Differentiation of non-pylori Helicobacter species based on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 23S rRNA gene. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014 Jun;30(6):1909-17.
- Funato M, Kaneko H, Ohkusu K, Sasai H, Kubota K, Ohnishi H, Kato Z, Fukao T, Kondo N. Refractory chronic pleurisy caused by Helicobacter equorum-like bacterium in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. J Clin Microbiol 2011 Sep;49(9):3432-5.
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