Hemagglutination of several strains of equine infectious anemia virus.
Abstract: Six strains of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus propagated in equine leukocyte cultures were found to agglutinate horse erythrocytes. Concentrated virus material containing about 20 units of complement fixation (CF) titer showed hemagglutinating (HA) titers ranging from 4 to 8 units. The HA activity remained stable after ether treatment and was reduced by trypsin, formaldehyde and KIO4. Cesium chloride equilibrium density gradient centrifugation revealed two populations of hemagglutinin, one in the density range of 1.15-1.16 g/ml coinciding with a peak of CF antigen and the other at round 1.27 g/ml. However, after the antigen was treated with ether, hemagglutinin showed a single peak at about 1.27 g/ml. Hemagglutinin receptors on the erythrocytes were inactivated by trypsin and formaldehyde but their activity was enhanced by neuraminidase. Hemagglutination was inhibited by sera from horses infected with homologous strain for EIA virus. The hemagglutinin showed immunological properties similar to those of the hemagglutinin of guinea pig erythrocytes as reported in our previous paper.
Publication Date: 1981-01-01 PubMed ID: 6263225DOI: 10.1007/BF01314604Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Antisera
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Disease
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Infectious Anemia
- Erythrocytes
- Hemagglutination Inhibition
- Horses
- Immunology
- Infection
- Infectious Disease
- Laboratory Methods
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Virus
Summary
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This study investigates the effects of different treatments on the aggregation of horse red blood cells caused by six variants of the equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. It also explores the characteristic transformations and interactions within this process.
About the Research
This research focuses on how various strains of the equine infectious anemia virus impact the horse erythrocytes (red blood cells). Erythrocyte agglutination (clumping together) can occur as a result of viral infection. The primary factors under investigation are:
- The nature and severity of hemagglutination stimulated by six types of EIA virus, and their response to ether, trypsin, formaldehyde and potassium iodate (KIO4).
- The behavior of two types of hemagglutinins (proteins that cause agglutination of red blood cells) discovered during a procedure involving cesium chloride centrifugation.
- The varying activity levels of hemagglutinin receptors on horse erythrocytes and how they respond to treatments with trypsin, formaldehyde, and neuraminidase (an enzyme)
- The potential inhibition of hemagglutination by the sera from EIA-infected horses
Main findings
The study yielded several important findings. They include:
- The concentration of the virus material showing hemagglutinating titers ranged from 4 to 8 units.
- Upon treatment with ether, HA activity remained stable, but decreased with trypsin, formaldehyde and KIO4.
- Two populations of Hemagglutinin could be identified after centrifugation, one at the density range of 1.15-1.16 g/ml and the other at approximately 1.27 g/ml. After treating the antigen with ether, only the denser hemagglutinin prevailed.
- The activity of hemagglutinin receptors on the erythrocytes could be enhanced with neuraminidase, while treatments with trypsin and formaldehyde could deactivate it.
- Sera from horses infected with homologous strain for EIA virus could inhibit hemagglutination.
- The observed hemagglutinin behaved similarly, immunologically speaking, to that observed within guinea pig erythrocytes in previous studies.
This body of research provides insightful data on the hemagglutinating behavior of different EIA virus strains and paves the way for further studies on prevention and treatment strategies for equine infectious anemia.
Cite This Article
APA
Sentsui H, Kono Y.
(1981).
Hemagglutination of several strains of equine infectious anemia virus.
Arch Virol, 67(1), 75-84.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01314604 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral / immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Erythrocytes / physiology
- Hemagglutination
- Horses / blood
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Leukocytes / cytology
- Virus Cultivation
References
This article includes 13 references
- Kono Y, Yoshino T. Propagation of equine infectious anemia virus in horse kidney cell cultures.. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1974 Winter;14(4):155-62.
- Sentsui H, Kono Y. Hemagglutination by equine infectious anemia virus.. Infect Immun 1976 Aug;14(2):325-31.
- Coggins L, Norcross NL, Nusbaum SR. Diagnosis of equine infectious anemia by immunodiffusion test.. Am J Vet Res 1972 Jan;33(1):11-8.
- Kono Y, Kobayashi K, Fukunaga Y. Distribution of equine infectious anemia virus in horses infected with the virus.. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1971 Spring;11(1):11-20.
- Malmquist WA, Barnett D, Becvar CS. Production of equine infectious anemia antigen in a persistently infected cell line.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1973;42(4):361-70.
- Kono Y, Kobayashi K. Complement fixation test of equine infectious anemia. I. Specificity of the test.. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1966 Winter;6(4):194-203.
- Kono Y, Kobayashi K, Fukunaga Y. Antigenic drift of equine infectious anemia virus in chronically infected horses.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1973;41(1):1-10.
- Kono Y, Kobayashi K, Fukunaga Y. Serological comparison among various strains of equine infectious anemia virus.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1971;34(3):202-8.
- Archer BG, Crawford TB, McGuire TC, Frazier ME. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase associated with equine infectious anemia virus.. J Virol 1977 Apr;22(1):16-22.
- Sentsui H, Kono Y. Preparation of hemagglutinating antigen of equine infectious anemia virus from infected equine leukocyte cultures.. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1978 Spring;18(1):39-40.
- Nakajima H, Ushimi C. Immunodiffusion studies of purified equine infectious anemia virus.. Infect Immun 1971 Mar;3(3):373-7.
- Kono Y. Viremia and immunological responses in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus.. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1969 Spring;9(1):1-9.
- Charman HP, Bladen S, Gilden RV, Coggins L. Equine infectious anemia virus: evidence favoring classification as a retravirus.. J Virol 1976 Sep;19(3):1073-9.
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Sentsui H, Kono Y. Phagocytosis of horse erythrocytes treated with equine infectious anemia virus by cultivated horse leukocytes.. Arch Virol 1987;95(1-2):67-77.
- Sentsui H, Kono Y. Complement-mediated hemolysis of horse erythrocytes treated with equine infectious anemia virus.. Arch Virol 1987;95(1-2):53-66.
- Noda M, Koide F, Asagi M, Inaba Y. Physicochemical properties of transmissible gastroenteritis virus hemagglutinin.. Arch Virol 1988;99(3-4):163-72.
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