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Journal of equine science2010; 20(4); 59-72; doi: 10.1294/jes.20.59

Hematopoietic neoplasias in horses: myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders.

Abstract: Leukemia, i.e., the neoplasia of one or more cell lines of the bone marrow, although less common than in other species, it is also reported in horses. Leukemia can be classified according to the affected cells (myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative disorders), evolution of clinical signs (acute or chronic) and the presence or lack of abnormal cells in peripheral blood (leukemic, subleukemic and aleukemic leukemia). The main myeloproliferative disorders in horses are malignant histiocytosis and myeloid leukemia, the latter being classified as monocytic and myelomonocytic, granulocytic, primary erythrocytosis or polycythemia vera and megakaryocytic leukemia. The most common lymphoproliferative disorders in horses are lymphoid leukemia, plasma cell or multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasia in horses and usually involves lymphoid organs, without leukemia, although bone marrow may be affected after metastasis. Lymphoma could be classified according to the organs involved and four main clinical categories have been established: generalized-multicentric, alimentary-gastrointestinal, mediastinal-thymic-thoracic and cutaneous. The clinical signs, hematological and clinical pathological findings, results of bone marrow aspirates, involvement of other organs, prognosis and treatment, if applicable, are presented for each type of neoplasia. This paper aims to provide a guide for equine practitioners when approaching to clinical cases with suspicion of hematopoietic neoplasia.
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Publication Date: 2010-01-19 PubMed ID: 24833969PubMed Central: PMC4013965DOI: 10.1294/jes.20.59Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article examines the occurrence of leukemia in horses, including various types such as myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, their clinical signs, and potential treatments.

Leukemia in Horses

The research discussed in the paper primarily focuses on hematopoietic neoplasias in horses, specifically leukemia. Leukemia in horses refers to the neoplasia – abnormal and uncontrollable cell multiplication – of bone marrow cells. Despite being less common in horses than in other species, this paper stresses that leukemia does occur in horses.

  • The study highlights that leukemia can be classified according to the cells affected: myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative disorders.
  • Leukemia is also categorized based on the severity and development of clinical signs, i.e., whether it’s acute or chronic.
  • Another distinguishing factor is the presence or absence of abnormal cells in peripheral blood, leading to classifications such as leukemic, subleukemic, and aleukemic leukemia.

Myeloproliferative Disorders in Horses

In the paper, myeloproliferative disorders in horses were identified as malignant histiocytosis and myeloid leukemia. Myeloid leukemia was further subclassified into monocytic & myelomonocytic, granulocytic, primary erythrocytosis or polycythemia vera, and megakaryocytic leukemia.

Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Horses

The research indicates that the most common lymphoproliferative disorders in horses are lymphoid leukemia, plasma cell or multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The study found lymphoma to be the most prevalent hematopoietic neoplasia in horses.

  • Horse lymphoma is typically found in the lymphoid organs and not in the blood, though it can affect the bone marrow after spreading from another area.
  • The study reveals that lymphomas can be differentiated based on the organs they affect. Four major clinical categories are recognized: generalized-multicentric, alimentary-gastrointestinal, mediastinal-thymic-thoracic, and cutaneous.

Study Objective

The main aim of this paper was to offer a guide for equine practitioners when dealing with clinical cases where hematopoietic neoplasia is suspected in horses.

  • For each type of neoplasia, the research presents clinical signs, hematological and clinical pathological findings, and results of bone marrow aspirates.
  • It also explores the potential involvement of other organs, the prognosis, and potential treatment, if suitable.

Cite This Article

APA
Muñoz A, Riber C, Trigo P, Castejón F. (2010). Hematopoietic neoplasias in horses: myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. J Equine Sci, 20(4), 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.20.59

Publication

Journal of equine science
ISSN: 1340-3516
NlmUniqueID: 9503751
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 20
Issue: 4
Pages: 59-72

Researcher Affiliations

Muñoz, Ana
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain ; Equine Sport Medicine Centre, CEMEDE, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Riber, Cristina
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain ; Equine Sport Medicine Centre, CEMEDE, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Trigo, Pablo
  • Equine Sport Medicine Centre, CEMEDE, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Castejón, Francisco
  • Equine Sport Medicine Centre, CEMEDE, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.

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