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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire1991; 55(2); 101-106;

Hemostatic studies in racing standardbred horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Hemostatic parameters at rest and after moderate exercise.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a defect in hemostasis might be a factor in the etiology of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). Hemostatic parameters were evaluated in 22 EIPH-positive and ten EIPH-negative racing horses while in a rested state. Nineteen EIPH-positive and ten EIPH-negative horses were further evaluated just before and immediately after a 15 min exercise period on a 260 m oval track. When EIPH-positive and EIPH-negative horses were compared at rest, there was no significant difference in any of the coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters studied. There was however, a significant difference in platelet function as assessed by aggregometry. The platelets from affected horses were significantly less responsive than those from nonaffected horses when exposed in vitro to the platelet agonists adenosine diphosphate, collagen and platelet activating factor. Exercise tended to increase the packed cell volume and factor VIII/von Willebrand factor and to decrease platelet aggregation responses to low concentrations of adenosine diphosphate. These effects of exercise however were quantitatively similar in both EIPH-positive and EIPH-negative horses. Reduced platelet function may therefore be a contributing factor in the bleeding characteristic of horses with EIPH.
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Publication Date: 1991-04-01 PubMed ID: 1909208PubMed Central: PMC1263427
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research was conducted to see if defects in blood clotting might be a contributing factor in exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), a condition seen in racing horses. The results showed no differences in clotting or fibrinolytic parameters between affected and unaffected horses. However, platelets from EIPH affected horses were found to be less responsive to certain chemical stimulants.

Objective of the Research

The main aim of this research was to determine if there is any correlation between defects in blood clotting, termed as hemostasis, and the incidence of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH). This condition is experienced by racehorses after vigorous physical exertion.

Sample and Methodology

  • The study involved testing 22 EIPH-positive and ten EIPH-negative racehorses while they were at rest.
  • A subset of these horses, 19 EIPH-positive and the same 10 EIPH-negative individuals, were further tested both before and after a 15-minute span of exercise on a 260m oval track.

Findings

The primary findings and observations of this research can be summarized as follows:

  • No significant differences were found between EIPH-positive and EIPH-negative horses at rest in terms of their coagulation and fibrinolytic (the breakdown of blood clots) parameters.
  • Significant differences were however noted in platelet function when assessed by aggregometry (measuring the rate and extent of platelet clumping) between the groups. Platelets from EIPH-affected horses were notably less responsive than those from unaffected horses when exposed to in vitro (in an artificial environment outside the body) to the platelet agonists: Adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and platelet-activating factor.
  • Exercise was observed to increase the packed cell volume and the amount of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (a key clotting factor), while simultaneously decreasing platelet aggregation responses to low concentrations of adenosine diphosphate.
  • These effects of exercise were quantitatively similar in both EIPH-positive and EIPH-negative horses.

Conclusion

The research concluded that reduced platelet function could be a contributing factor in the bleeding characteristic of horses with EIPH. However, exercise and rest did not make any significant difference in hemostatic parameters among EIPH-positive and EIPH-negative horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Johnstone IB, Viel L, Crane S, Whiting T. (1991). Hemostatic studies in racing standardbred horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Hemostatic parameters at rest and after moderate exercise. Can J Vet Res, 55(2), 101-106.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 0830-9000
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Pages: 101-106

Researcher Affiliations

Johnstone, I B
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario.
Viel, L
    Crane, S
      Whiting, T

        MeSH Terms

        • Adenosine Diphosphate / pharmacology
        • Animals
        • Antithrombin III / analysis
        • Collagen / pharmacology
        • Factor VIII / analysis
        • Fibrin / analysis
        • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / analysis
        • Fibrinogen / analysis
        • Hematocrit / veterinary
        • Hemorrhage / blood
        • Hemorrhage / etiology
        • Hemorrhage / veterinary
        • Hemostasis
        • Horse Diseases / blood
        • Horse Diseases / etiology
        • Horses
        • Lung Diseases / blood
        • Lung Diseases / etiology
        • Lung Diseases / veterinary
        • Partial Thromboplastin Time / veterinary
        • Physical Exertion
        • Platelet Activating Factor / pharmacology
        • Platelet Aggregation
        • Platelet Count / veterinary
        • Prothrombin Time / veterinary
        • Thrombin Time / veterinary
        • von Willebrand Factor / analysis

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        This article includes 15 references
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        Citations

        This article has been cited 8 times.
        1. Dahlgren AR, Tablin F, Finno CJ. Genetics of equine bleeding disorders. Equine Vet J 2021 Jan;53(1):30-37.
          doi: 10.1111/evj.13290pubmed: 32463964google scholar: lookup
        2. Poole DC, Erickson HH. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: where are we now?. Vet Med (Auckl) 2016;7:133-148.
          doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S120421pubmed: 30050846google scholar: lookup
        3. Giordano A, Meazza C, Salvadori M, Paltrinieri S. Thromboelastometric profiles of horses affected by exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhages. Vet Med Int 2010 Sep 30;2010.
          doi: 10.4061/2010/945789pubmed: 20953331google scholar: lookup
        4. Perez-Moreno CI, Couëtil LL, Pratt SM, Ochoa-Acuña HG, Raskin RE, Russell MA. Effect of furosemide and furosemide-carbazochrome combination on exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Standardbred racehorses. Can Vet J 2009 Aug;50(8):821-7.
          pubmed: 19881919
        5. Doucet MY, Viel L. Clinical, radiographic, endoscopic, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy findings in horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Can Vet J 2002 Mar;43(3):195-202.
          pubmed: 11901592
        6. Piccione G, Arfuso F, Giudice E, Aragona F, Pugliatti P, Panzera MF, Zumbo A, Monteverde V, Bartolo V, Barbera A, Giannetto C. Dynamic Adaptation of Hematological Parameters, Albumin, and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Saddlebred and Standardbred Horses During Exercise. Animals (Basel) 2025 Jan 21;15(3).
          doi: 10.3390/ani15030300pubmed: 39943070google scholar: lookup
        7. Leite RO, Albertino LG, Sperandio LMS, Campos F, Campos R, Borges AS, Oliveira-Filho JP. Evaluation of variants in the ENTPD1 and ENTPD2 genes in athletic horses with exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage. BMC Vet Res 2024 Aug 6;20(1):346.
          doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04192-8pubmed: 39103835google scholar: lookup
        8. Miglio A, Falcinelli E, Mezzasoma AM, Busechian S, Rueca F, Gresele P, Antognoni MT. Biomarkers of in vivo platelet activation in thoroughbreds during their first long-term training. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1395423.
          doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1395423pubmed: 38831955google scholar: lookup
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