High-resolution gene maps of horse chromosomes 14 and 21: additional insights into evolution and rearrangements of HSA5 homologs in mammals.
Abstract: High-resolution physically ordered gene maps for equine homologs of human chromosome 5 (HSA5), viz., horse chromosomes 14 and 21 (ECA14 and ECA21), were generated by adding 179 new loci (131 gene-specific and 48 microsatellites) to the existing maps of the two chromosomes. The loci were mapped primarily by genotyping on a 5000-rad horse x hamster radiation hybrid panel, of which 28 were mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The approximately fivefold increase in the number of mapped markers on the two chromosomes improves the average resolution of the map to 1 marker/0.9 Mb. The improved resolution is vital for rapid chromosomal localization of traits of interest on these chromosomes and for facilitating candidate gene searches. The comparative gene mapping data on ECA14 and ECA21 finely align the chromosomes to sequence/gene maps of a range of evolutionarily distantly related species. It also demonstrates that compared to ECA14, the ECA21 segment corresponding to HSA5 is a more conserved region because of preserved gene order in a larger number of and more diverse species. Further, comparison of ECA14 and the distal three-quarters region of ECA21 with corresponding chromosomal segments in 50 species belonging to 11 mammalian orders provides a broad overview of the evolution of these segments in individual orders from the putative ancestral chromosomal configuration. Of particular interest is the identification and precise demarcation of equid/Perissodactyl-specific features that for the first time clearly distinguish the origins of ECA14 and ECA21 from similar-looking status in the Cetartiodactyls.
Publication Date: 2006-08-17 PubMed ID: 16916595DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.06.012Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- N.I.H.
- Intramural
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The research focuses on creating a detailed gene map for horse chromosomes 14 and 21. The study shows these are the equine homologs of human chromosome 5 and offers insights into the evolution and rearrangements of this chromosome across various species, thereby aiding in chromosomal localization and candidate gene searches.
Mapping Methodology
- The study maps 179 new loci, encompassing 131 gene-specific loci and 48 microsatellites to improve the existing maps of horse chromosomes 14 and 21 (ECA14 and ECA21).
- The researchers primarily utilized genotyping on a 5000-rad horse x hamster radiation hybrid panel for the mapping. However, Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) was used to map 28 loci.
- The increased number of mapped markers improves the average resolution of the map to 1 marker per 0.9 Mb, an approximately fivefold increase.
Comparative Gene Mapping and Conservation
- Comparative mapping data on ECA14 and ECA21 helped align the chromosomes in relation to the sequence/gene maps of evolutionarily distant species.
- The study reveals the ECA21 segment, akin to HSA5, exhibits more conservation due to preserved gene order across a larger number of diverse species when compared to ECA14.
- The researchers compared ECA14 and the distal three-quarters region of ECA21 with corresponding chromosomal segments in 50 species from 11 mammalian orders. This comparison provides valuable insights into the evolution of these segments from their putative ancestral chromosomal configuration.
Insights into Evolution and Chromosomal Rearrangements
- The study identifies and precisely outlines equid/Perissodactyl-specific features, for the first time clearly differentiating the origins of ECA14 and ECA21 from similar-looking status in the Cetartiodactyls, a group of even-toed ungulates.
- Such knowledge not only aids in quick chromosome localization of traits of interest on these chromosomes but also in facilitating candidate gene searches, enhancing our understanding of their evolution over time.
Cite This Article
APA
Goh G, Raudsepp T, Durkin K, Wagner ML, Schäffer AA, Agarwala R, Tozaki T, Mickelson JR, Chowdhary BP.
(2006).
High-resolution gene maps of horse chromosomes 14 and 21: additional insights into evolution and rearrangements of HSA5 homologs in mammals.
Genomics, 89(1), 89-112.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.06.012 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Biological Evolution
- Chromosome Mapping / veterinary
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 / genetics
- Cricetinae
- DNA Primers / genetics
- Horses / genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Mammals / genetics
- Radiation Hybrid Mapping
- Species Specificity
Grant Funding
- Intramural NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Musilova P, Kubickova S, Horin P, Vodicka R, Rubes J. Karyotypic relationships in Asiatic asses (kulan and kiang) as defined using horse chromosome arm-specific and region-specific probes.. Chromosome Res 2009;17(6):783-90.
- Raudsepp T, Gustafson-Seabury A, Durkin K, Wagner ML, Goh G, Seabury CM, Brinkmeyer-Langford C, Lee EJ, Agarwala R, Stallknecht-Rice E, Schäffer AA, Skow LC, Tozaki T, Yasue H, Penedo MC, Lyons LA, Khazanehdari KA, Binns MM, MacLeod JN, Distl O, Guérin G, Leeb T, Mickelson JR, Chowdhary BP. A 4,103 marker integrated physical and comparative map of the horse genome.. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008;122(1):28-36.
- Chowdhary BP, Raudsepp T. The horse genome derby: racing from map to whole genome sequence.. Chromosome Res 2008;16(1):109-27.
- Musilova P, Kubickova S, Zrnova E, Horin P, Vahala J, Rubes J. Karyotypic relationships among Equus grevyi, Equus burchelli and domestic horse defined using horse chromosome arm-specific probes.. Chromosome Res 2007;15(6):807-13.
- Schäffer AA, Rice ES, Cook W, Agarwala R. rh_tsp_map 3.0: end-to-end radiation hybrid mapping with improved speed and quality control.. Bioinformatics 2007 May 1;23(9):1156-8.
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