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High-resolution RH map of horse chromosome 22 reveals a putative ancestral vertebrate chromosome.
Abstract: High-resolution gene maps of individual equine chromosomes are essential to identify genes governing traits of economic importance in the horse. In pursuit of this goal we herein report the generation of a dense map of horse chromosome 22 (ECA22) comprising 83 markers, of which 52 represent specific genes and 31 are microsatellites. The map spans 831 cR over an estimated 64 Mb of physical length of the chromosome, thus providing markers at approximately 770 kb or 10 cR intervals. Overall, the resolution of the map is to date the densest in the horse and is the highest for any of the domesticated animal species for which annotated sequence data are not yet available. Comparative analysis showed that ECA22 shares remarkable conservation of gene order along the entire length of dog chromosome 24, something not yet found for an autosome in evolutionarily diverged species. Comparison with human, mouse, and rat homologues shows that ECA22 can be traced as two conserved linkage blocks, each related to individual arms of the human homologue-HSA20. Extending the comparison to the chicken genome showed that one of the ECA22 blocks that corresponds to HSA20q shares synteny conservation with chicken chromosome 20, suggesting the segment to be ancestral in mammals and birds.
Publication Date: 2005-01-29 PubMed ID: 15676277DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.10.012Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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This research presents a high-resolution genetic map of horse chromosome 22 (ECA22), identifying it as highly conserved and linked to ancestral vertebrate chromosome structures, highlighting its potential role for identifying genes of economic importance in horses.
Objective
The objective of this study was to generate a dense, high-resolution genetic map of horse chromosome 22 (ECA22) in order to facilitate the identification of genes governing traits of economic importance in horses.
Methods
- The researchers used 83 markers, including 52 specific genes and 31 microsatellites, to map ECA22.
- The map covers an estimated physical length of 64 Mb of the chromosome, providing markers at around 770 kb or 10 cR intervals.
Findings
- With its high marker density, this gene map of ECA22 is the most detailed one available to date for horses, and additionally surpasses the resolution available for any domesticated animal species without annotated sequence data.
- Comparative analysis revealed a significant conservation of gene order between ECA22 and dog chromosome 24, implying an unusual level of stability during divergent evolution.
- Comparisons with human, mouse, and rat counterparts suggest that ECA22 constitutes two conserved linkage blocks that each relate to an individual arm of the human homolog chromosome (HSA20).
Implications
- By extending the comparison to the chicken genome, the study suggests that one of the ECA22 blocks retains synteny conservation with chicken chromosome 20, indicating it to be ancestral in both mammals and birds. This ancestral block is associated with the human homolog chromosome HSA20q.
- The findings of this research not only open up new paths to identifying economically important genes in horses, but also shed light on the evolutionary biology of vertebrates.
Cite This Article
APA
Gustafson-Seabury A, Raudsepp T, Goh G, Kata SR, Wagner ML, Tozaki T, Mickelson JR, Womack JE, Skow LC, Chowdhary BP.
(2005).
High-resolution RH map of horse chromosome 22 reveals a putative ancestral vertebrate chromosome.
Genomics, 85(2), 188-200.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.10.012 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biological Evolution
- Chromosomes
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
- Gene Order
- Horses / genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Mice
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
- Radiation Hybrid Mapping / methods
- Rats
- Sequence Tagged Sites
- Vertebrates / genetics
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Raudsepp T, Gustafson-Seabury A, Durkin K, Wagner ML, Goh G, Seabury CM, Brinkmeyer-Langford C, Lee EJ, Agarwala R, Stallknecht-Rice E, Schäffer AA, Skow LC, Tozaki T, Yasue H, Penedo MC, Lyons LA, Khazanehdari KA, Binns MM, MacLeod JN, Distl O, Guérin G, Leeb T, Mickelson JR, Chowdhary BP. A 4,103 marker integrated physical and comparative map of the horse genome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008;122(1):28-36.
- Chowdhary BP, Raudsepp T. The horse genome derby: racing from map to whole genome sequence. Chromosome Res 2008;16(1):109-27.
- Brinkmeyer-Langford C, Raudsepp T, Lee EJ, Goh G, Schäffer AA, Agarwala R, Wagner ML, Tozaki T, Skow LC, Womack JE, Mickelson JR, Chowdhary BP. A high-resolution physical map of equine homologs of HSA19 shows divergent evolution compared with other mammals. Mamm Genome 2005 Aug;16(8):631-49.
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