Histopathologic evidence of reperfusion injury in the large colon of horses after low-flow ischemia.
Abstract: Effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon on mucosal architecture were determined in horses. Twenty-four adult horses were randomly allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated (n = 6), 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9), and 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia was induced in horses of groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline values. Systemic hemodynamic and metabolic variables were maintained constant and in a normal physiologic range. Full-thickness biopsy specimens were obtained from the left ventral colon for histomorphologic and morphometric examination at baseline and at 30-minute intervals for 6 hours; additional biopsy specimens were collected at 185, 190, and 195 minutes (corresponding to 5-, 10-, and 15-minute periods of reperfusion in group-3 horses). There were no differences among groups at baseline or across time in group-1 horses for any of the histopathologic variables. There were significant (P < 0.05) increases in percentage of surface mucosal disruption, estimated and measured percentage depth of mucosal loss, mucosal hemorrhage, mucosal edema, and cellular debris index during 0 hour to 3 hours, compared with baseline, and from 3 hours to 6 hours, compared with 3 hours in horses of groups 2 and 3. Estimated percentage depth of mucosal loss and cellular debris index were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in group-3 horses, compared with group-2 horses during the interval from 3 to 6 hours. There were trends toward greater percentage of surface mucosal disruption and mucosal edema during the early phase of reperfusion (3 to 4 hours) and greater mucosal hemorrhage, measured percentage depth of mucosal loss, and mucosal interstitial-to-crypt ratio during the late phase (4 to 6 hours) of reperfusion in group-3 horses vs group-2 horses. Reestablishment of colonic arterial blood flow after low-flow ischemia caused greater mucosal injury than did a comparable period of continued ischemia. Thus, reperfusion injury was detected in the large colon of horses after low-flow arterial ischemia. The serial mucosal alterations that developed in the colon were comparable in horses of groups 2 and 3; however, reperfusion exacerbated colonic mucosal injury.
Publication Date: 1994-10-01 PubMed ID: 7998702
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- Clinical Trial
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study investigates the damage caused to the large colon of horses due to decreased blood flow (ischemia) and subsequent restoration of blood flow (reperfusion). The outcomes revealed that reperfusion after ischemia caused more harm to the colonic mucosal lining than continued ischemia.
Methodology
- Twenty-four adult horses were used in the study and randomly divided into three groups. The first group of six horses underwent sham surgery, the second group of nine horses experienced six hours of ischemia, and the third group (also of nine horses) had three hours of ischemia and three hours of reperfusion.
- The researchers induced low-flow ischemia by reducing the colonic arterial blood flow to just 20% of normal levels in the second and third group horses.
- The system’s hemodynamic and metabolic variables were kept consistent and within a normal physiologic range to avoid interference.
- Biopsies from the horses’ left ventral colon were taken at the start, at thirty-minute segments for six hours, and additional samples at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after reperfusion.
Findings
- There were no notable differences at the start or any time variation in the sham-operated group for all histopathological variables.
- However, significant increases were noticed in the surface mucosal disruption, mucosal loss, mucosal hemorrhage, mucosal edema, and cellular debris index in the second and third group horses from the start to three hours and also from three hours to six hours.
- Differences were observed between the ischemia and reperfusion groups. The reperfusion group exhibited significantly increased mucosal loss and cellular debris index during the three to six hours interval.
- Patterns were noticeable for greater surface mucosal disruption and edema in the early reperfusion phase (3 to 4 hours) and increased mucosal hemorrhage, mucosal loss, and mucosal interstitial-to-crypt ratio towards the later reperfusion phase (4 to 6 hours).
Conclusion
- The study found that the restoration of blood flow after low-flow ischemia led to greater mucosal injury in horses than continued lack of blood flow, indicating reperfusion injury.
- Although both the second and third groups saw similar changes in their colonic mucosal layer, reperfusion aggravated the injury further. Making it a significant contributor to colonic mucosal damage post-ischemia.
Cite This Article
APA
Moore RM, Bertone AL, Muir WW, Stromberg PC, Beard WL.
(1994).
Histopathologic evidence of reperfusion injury in the large colon of horses after low-flow ischemia.
Am J Vet Res, 55(10), 1434-1443.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1089.
MeSH Terms
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Colitis, Ischemic / veterinary
- Colon / blood supply
- Colon / pathology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Intestinal Mucosa / pathology
- Ischemia / pathology
- Ischemia / veterinary
- Male
- Reperfusion Injury / pathology
- Reperfusion Injury / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Asin J, Nyaoke AC, Samol MA, Arthur RM, Uzal FA. Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile-associated disease, epiploic foramen entrapment, and gastric rupture in a Thoroughbred racehorse: case report and literature review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022 Sep;34(5):913-917.
- Gonzalez LM, Moeser AJ, Blikslager AT. Animal models of ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal injury: progress and promise for translational research. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015 Jan 15;308(2):G63-75.
- Faleiros RR, Macoris DG, Alves GE, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Moore RM. Local and remote lesions in horses subjected to small colon distension and decompression. Can J Vet Res 2008 Jan;72(1):68-76.
- Moore RM, Sedrish SA, Holmes EP, Koch CE, Venugopal CS. Role of endothelium and nitric oxide in modulating in vitro responses of colonic arterial and venous rings to vasodilatory neuropeptides in horses. Can J Vet Res 2005 Apr;69(2):116-22.
- Kawashima Y, Takeyoshi I, Furukawa H, Lee RG, Starzl TE, Todo S. Cold preservation of the human colon and ileum with University of Wisconsin solution. Clin Transplant 1999 Oct;13(5):420-5.
- Moore RM, Muir WW, Rush BR. Systemic and colonic venous plasma biochemical alterations in horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon. Can J Vet Res 1998 Jan;62(1):14-20.
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