Historical highlights in cardiac pacing.
Abstract: The benchmarks in cardiac pacing are identified, beginning with F. Steiner (1871), who rhythmically stimulated the chloroform-arrested hearts of 3 horses, 1 donkey, 10 dogs, 14 cats, and 8 rabbits. The chloroform-arrested heart in human subjects was paced by T. Greene in the following year (1872) in the UK. In 1882, H. Ziemssen in Germany applied cardiac pacing to a 42-year old woman who had a large defect in the anterior left chest wall subsequent to resection of an enchondroma. Intentional cardiac pacing did not occur until 1932, when A.A. Hyman in the US demonstrated that cardiac pacing could be clinically practical. Hyman made a batteryless pacemaker for delivery in induction shock stimuli (60-120/min) to the atria. His pacemaker was powered by a hand-wound, spring-driven generator which provided 6 min of pacemaking without rewinding. Closed-chest ventricular pacing was introduced in the US in 1952 by P.M. Zoll et al. Zoll (1956) also introduced closed-chest ventricular defibrillation. W.L. Weirich et al. (1958) demonstrated that direct-heart stimulation in closed-chest patients could be achieved with slender wire electrodes. S. Furman and J.B. Schwedel (1959) developed a monopolar catheter electrode for ventricular pacing in man. In the same year, W. Greatbatch and W.M. Chardack developed the implantable pacemaker.
Publication Date: 1990-01-01 PubMed ID: 18238328DOI: 10.1109/51.57859Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research is a historical summation of significant milestones in cardiac pacing starting from F. Steiner’s experiments in 1871 with stimulated chloroform-arrested hearts of various animals, up until W. Greatbatch and W.M. Chardack’s development of the implantable pacemaker in 1959.
Initial Experiments in Cardiac Pacing
- This research begins by acknowledging the preliminary efforts made by F. Steiner in 1871. Steiner was successful in rhythmically stimulating the chloroform-arrested hearts of numerous animals such as horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, and a donkey. This marked the beginning of cardiac pacing.
- In 1872, T. Greene extended this research by pacing the chloroform-arrested heart in human subjects, making it a significant step forwards in the field of cardiac pacing.
Early Cardiac Pacing in Humans
- In 1882, H. Ziemssen from Germany further expanded on this by applying cardiac pacing to a 42-year-old woman who had a large defect in the anterior left chest wall after an enchondroma resection. This incident marked one of the earliest applications of cardiac pacing in humans.
- However, it was not until 1932 that A.A. Hyman from the US demonstrated that cardiac pacing could be clinically practical. He did this by constructing a batteryless pacemaker for delivering induction shock stimuli to the atria. The pacemaker, powered by a hand-wound, spring-driven generator, was capable of providing 6 minutes of pacemaking without rewinding.
Advancements in Cardiac Pacing Techniques
- In 1952, a significant milestone in cardiac pacing was achieved by P.M. Zoll and his team from the US. They introduced closed-chest ventricular pacing, a significant advancement in medical technology.
- Zoll made another significant contribution in 1956, introducing closed-chest ventricular defibrillation.
- In 1958, W.L. Weirich and his team demonstrated that direct-heart stimulation in closed-chest patients could be achieved using slender wire electrodes. This further enhanced the technique and practicality of cardiac pacing.
Modern Innovations and Implantable Pacemaker
- In 1959, S. Furman and J.B. Schwedel developed a monopolar catheter electrode for ventricular pacing in humans. This advanced the science and paved the way for further innovations in this field.
- The last highlighted landmark in this research is the invention of the implantable pacemaker, by W. Greatbatch and W.M. Chardack in the same year. This innovative device has since become an integral part of cardiac pacing and heart rate regulation, marking a significant development in the field.
Cite This Article
APA
Geddes LA.
(1990).
Historical highlights in cardiac pacing.
IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag, 9(2), 12-18.
https://doi.org/10.1109/51.57859 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Hillenbrand Biomed. Eng. Center, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Biswas AK, Atulasimha J, Bandyopadhyay S. An error-resilient non-volatile magneto-elastic universal logic gate with ultralow energy-delay product. Sci Rep 2014 Dec 23;4:7553.
- Bischoff M, Walther A, Serf C. [Who dictates the rhythm which must be followed? : Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in anesthesiology]. Anaesthesist 2011 Aug;60(8):775-88.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
