Homologous and cross-reactive precipitins in anti-pneumococcal sera raised in mules.
Abstract: Serial bleedings were obtained from two mules during prolonged immunization, one with type XXV the other with type VIII pneumococcal vaccine. IgGa, IgGb, IgGc, IgB, IgG(T) and IgM present among purified Pn anti-XXV and Pn anti-VIII immunoglobulin isolated from various bleedings were identified by use of rabbit anti-equine heavy chain specific reagents. Radioimmunodiffusion with 14C-labelled type XXV pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and horse and donkey reagents with species specificity directed against donkey or horse IgGa respectively, demonstrated both parental horse and donkey IgGa heavy chain isotypes among the anti-PnXXV antibodies of the interspecies hybrid. Qualtitative and quantitative examination of the cross-precipitation of mule anti-PnXXV sera with the capsular polysaccharides of pneumococcal types IV, X and XA, with birch sap, ketha gum, and with polysaccharides of E. coli, Klebsiella and Rhizobium was carried out and compared with data obtained with anti-PnXXV raised in a horse. Analysis of supernatants from the cross-reactions showed that distinct subfractions had reacted. indicating a marked heterogeneity of the antibodies.
Publication Date: 1978-07-01 PubMed ID: 28285PubMed Central: PMC1457239
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The research article presents a study on the response of mules’ immune system to pneumococcal vaccines, specifically focusing on the kind and characteristics of immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced. It also explores the cross-reactivity of these antibodies with other substances.
Immunization and Antibody Identification
- The study collected blood samples from two mules who were immunized with two different types (XXV and VIII) of pneumococcal vaccine over an extended period.
- Through this, the researchers were able to isolate and identify different types of antibodies produced by the mules’ immune systems, namely, IgGa, IgGb, IgGc, IgB, IgG(T), and IgM. The identification of these antibodies was accomplished using rabbit anti-equine heavy chain specific reagents.
Radioimmunodiffusion and Antibody Investigation
- A technique named Radioimmunodiffusion, done with 14C-labelled type XXV pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and horse and donkey reagents, was used to further investigate the antibodies.
- The study shows both parental horse and donkey IgGa heavy chain isotypes were present in the antibodies produced in the mules against type XXV pneumococci, indicating a hybrid nature of mule’s immune response as mules are offspring of a male donkey (jack) and a female horse (mare).
Cross-Precipitation of Mule Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies
- The study also subjected mule anti-PnXXV sera (blood serum containing anti-XXV antibodies) to cross-precipitation with a variety of substances.
- These substances included the capsular polysaccharides of other pneumococcal types (IV, X and XA), plant-derived substances (birch sap, ketha gum), and polysaccharides of various bacteria strains (E. coli, Klebsiella, Rhizobium).
- This was done to compare the response with those obtained from anti-PnXXV antibodies raised in a horse.
Heterogeneity of Antibodies
- The analysis concluded that distinct subfractions of the antibodies reacted with each substance, displaying a significant heterogeneity among the antibodies.
- This indicates that the immune response and production of antibodies in mules against pneumococcal polysaccharides is versatile and complex.
Cite This Article
APA
Allen PZ, Heidelberger M, Rappaport IA, Ward GM.
(1978).
Homologous and cross-reactive precipitins in anti-pneumococcal sera raised in mules.
Immunology, 35(1), 105-113.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial / analysis
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Bacterial
- Cross Reactions
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
- Perissodactyla / immunology
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial / immunology
- Precipitins / analysis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae / immunology
References
This article includes 12 references
- Allen PZ, Dalton EJ. Studies on equine immunoglobulins. IV. Immunoglobulins of the donkey.. Immunology 1975 Jan;28(1):187-97.
- SHABAROVA ZA, BUCHANAN JG, BADDILEY J. The composition of pneumococcus type-specific substances containing phosphorus.. Biochim Biophys Acta 1962 Feb 12;57:146-8.
- HEIDELBERGER M, TYLER JM, MUKHERJEE S. The cross-reactivity of ketha gum and pneumococcal type I--short cut to a constituent of a polysaccharide.. Immunology 1962 Nov;5(6):666-72.
- Audibert F, Sandor G. [Study of the major antitoxin of equine serums (IgT), in relation to other immunoglobulins present in these serums].. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1972 Feb;122(2):221-49.
- Nimmich W. [Isolation and qualitative component analysis of Klebsiella K-antigens].. Z Med Mikrobiol Immunol 1968;154(2):117-31.
- Allen PZ, Gleich GJ, Perlin AS. Some structural features of the antigenic groupings involved in the cross reaction of oat glucan with type 8 horse antipneumococcal serum.. Immunochemistry 1965 Dec;2(4):433-44.
- Rao EV, Buchanan JG, Baddiley J. The type-specific substance from Pneumococcus type 10A(34). Structure of the dephosphorylated repeating unit.. Biochem J 1966 Sep;100(3):801-10.
- Guy RC, How MJ, Stacey M. The capsular polysaccharide of type I Pneumococcus. I. Purification and chemical modification.. J Biol Chem 1967 Nov 10;242(21):5106-11.
- Heidelberger M, Jann K, Jann B, Orskov F, Orskov I, Westphal O. Relations between structures of three K polysaccharides of Escherichia coli and cross-reactivity in antipneumococcal sera.. J Bacteriol 1968 Jun;95(6):2415-7.
- Higginbotham JD, Heidelberger M. The specific capsular polysaccharide of Pneumococcus type IV.. Carbohydr Res 1972 Jul;23(2):165-73.
- Das A, Heidelberger M. Identification of D-galacturonic acid in the specific capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcal type XXV.. Carbohydr Res 1976 Jun;48(2):304-5.
- Allen PZ, Dalton EJ, Khaleel SA, Kenney RM. Studies on equine immunoglobulins--V. Horse antibodies to donkey IgGa.. Immunochemistry 1977 Aug;14(8):577-86.
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Heidelberger M. Precipitating cross-reactions among pneumococcal types. Infect Immun 1983 Sep;41(3):1234-44.
- Heidelberger M, Horton D, Haskell TH. Cross-reactions of lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in antipneumococcal and other antisera. Infect Immun 1986 Dec;54(3):928-30.
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