Hoof morphometry in a population of lame and nonlame working donkeys in Pakistan.
- Journal Article
Summary
This study investigated the hoof morphology of working donkeys in Pakistan, aiming to outline any links between hoof shape, lameness, and shoeing practices. The research revealed that older donkeys were more likely to be lame, but shoeing and hoof asymmetry were not decisive factors in lameness. The results provide information which could lead to targeted studies in the future to further investigate these factors.
Understanding the Study
The study used a cross-sectional approach and gathered its data from the assessment of working donkeys in Pakistan. The assessment process involved:
- Using a modified five-point scale to determine any lameness by two veterinarians
- Taking digital photographs of the front hooves to be able to closely study the morphometrics and symmetry
The researchers observed a total of 61 donkeys, 28 of which were unshod. Significant asymmetries were noted in heel height, toe-heel angle and medio-lateral symmetry. Additionally, of the total donkeys observed, 10% were not lame while 64% were consistently lame. Conformational defects were observed in 41% of all donkeys.
Morphometric Findings and Associations
The study identified eleven factors from the evaluation of morphometric data, accounting for 83% of the variance encountered. This suggested that a select set of diverse parameters were responsible for the majority of observed hoof morphological variations. Interestingly, neither the practice of shoeing donkeys, nor the asymmetry of their feet, seemed to have a clear association with their lameness. However, age was identified as a significant factor contributing to the likelihood of lameness.
Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
As with all research, there were limitations to the study. The majority of donkeys evaluated were lame, which might skew results away from representing a ‘healthy’ standard for the hoof morphology of working donkeys. The absence of validated objective lameness measures for donkeys was also noted as a limitation.
Future research is encouraged to employ larger datasets and a more homogenous sample size. In doing so, the researchers hope to better discriminate between ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ hooves and gain a more accurate understanding of which factors contribute to lameness. The data collected could be particularly useful for developing targeted interventions and management strategies to reduce lameness in working donkeys.
Cite This Article
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
- EVC Limited, Hong Kong.
- Digital Agriculture, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Equidae
- Hoof and Claw
- Pakistan / epidemiology
- Lameness, Animal / epidemiology
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Gait
- Horse Diseases
Grant Funding
- 9610463 / City University of Hong Kong
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Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Bukhari SSUH, Parkes RSV. Assessing the impact of draught load pulling on welfare in equids.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1214015.
- Liu LL, Chen B, Chen SL, Liu WJ. A Genome-Wide Association Study of the Chest Circumference Trait in Xinjiang Donkeys Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing Technology.. Genes (Basel) 2023 May 14;14(5).