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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Behav Neurosci / Horse odor exploration behavior is influenced by pregnancy a...
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience2022; 16; 941517; doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.941517

Horse odor exploration behavior is influenced by pregnancy and age.

Abstract: In spite of a highly developed olfactory apparatus of horses, implying a high adaptive value, research on equine olfaction is sparse. Our limited knowledge on equine olfaction poses a risk that horse behavior does not match human expectations, as horses might react fearful when exposed to certain odors, which humans do not consider as frightening. The benefit of acquiring more knowledge of equine olfaction is therefore twofold; (1) it can aid the understanding of horse behavior and hence reduce the risk of dangerous situations, and (2) there may be unexplored potential of using odors in several practical situations where humans interact with horses. This study investigated behavior and olfactory sensitivity of 35 Icelandic horses who were presented with four odors: peppermint, orange, lavender and cedar wood in a Habituation/Dishabituation paradigm. The response variables were sniffing duration per presentation and behavioral reaction (licking, biting, snorting, and backing), and data were analyzed for potential effects of age, sex and pregnancy. Results showed that habituation occurred between successive odor presentations (1st vs. 2nd and 2nd vs. 3rd presentations: P < 0.001), and dishabituation occurred when a new odor was presented (1st vs. 3rd presentations: P < 0.001). Horses were thus able to detect and distinguish between all four odors, but expressed significantly longer sniffing duration when exposed to peppermint (peppermint vs. orange, lavender and cedar wood: P < 0.001). More horses expressed licking when presented to peppermint compared to cedar wood and lavender (P = 0.0068). Pregnant mares sniffed odors less than non-pregnant mares (P = 0.030), young horses (age 0-5 years) sniffed cedar wood for longer than old horses (P = 0.030), whereas sex had no effect (P > 0.050). The results show that horses' odor exploration behavior and interest in odors varies with age and pregnancy and that horses naïve to the taste of a substrate, may be able to link smell with taste, which has not been described before. These results can aid our understanding of horses' behavioral reactions to odors, and in the future, it may be possible to relate these to the physiology and health of horses.
Copyright © 2022 Rørvang, Nicova and Yngvesson.
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Publication Date: 2022-07-28 PubMed ID: 35967896PubMed Central: PMC9366077DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.941517Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates how age and pregnancy influence horses’ behavior in responding to different smells, aiming to better understand equine behavior and potentially enhance human-horse interaction.

Introduction and Rationale

  • The research focuses on the olfactory behavior of horses. Despite their highly developed sense of smell, little research has been conducted in this area.
  • Improving our understanding of horses’ reactions to different odors can help predict their behavior in response to these smells. This can minimize potentially dangerous situations where horses’ responses do not meet human expectations. Additionally, knowing how horses respond to different smells can be beneficial in practical situations where direct interaction between humans and horses is necessary.

Methodology

  • The study involved a total of 35 Icelandic horses.
  • The horses were exposed to four different odors: peppermint, orange, lavender, and cedar wood, through a Habituation/Dishabituation paradigm.
  • The researchers studied the horses’ behavioral reaction (licking, biting, snorting, and backing) and sniffing duration for each smell.
  • The effects of age, sex, and pregnancy on the horses’ responses to the odors were analyzed.

Results

  • Horses demonstrated a capacity to detect and distinguish between all four odors. Peppermint, in particular, elicited a significantly longer sniffing duration compared to the other odors.
  • Pregnant mares tended to sniff the odors less than non-pregnant mares. Horses of younger age (0-5 years) sniffed longer at the cedar wood odor than older horses. Sex had no influence on the olfactory responses of the horses.
  • Horses, even those unacquainted with the taste of a substance, may be able to associate smell with taste. This is a new behavioral insight uncovered by the study.

Conclusion and Implications

  • The study found that horses’ odor exploration behavior and level of interest in different odors vary with age and pregnancy status.
  • The striking discoveries can help improve the understanding of horses’ behavioral responses to different smells.
  • In the future, researchers can now explore potential links between horses’ olfactory responses and their physiology and health status.

Cite This Article

APA
Rørvang MV, Nicova K, Yngvesson J. (2022). Horse odor exploration behavior is influenced by pregnancy and age. Front Behav Neurosci, 16, 941517. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.941517

Publication

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
ISSN: 1662-5153
NlmUniqueID: 101477952
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 16
Pages: 941517

Researcher Affiliations

Rørvang, Maria Vilain
  • Department Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden.
Nicova, Klára
  • Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czechia.
Yngvesson, Jenny
  • Department Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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