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Virus genes2016; 52(1); 71-80; doi: 10.1007/s11262-015-1280-z

Horses naturally infected with EIAV harbor 2 distinct SU populations but are monophyletic with respect to IN.

Abstract: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) causes lifelong infections ranging from acutely fatal, to chronic, to asymptomatic. Within infected animals, EIAV is found as a quasispecies. Many experimental studies on EIAV, carried out in the U.S. over the past 70 years, have used either the highly virulent Wyoming (EIAVWYO) field strain or various derivatives of that strain. These infections have provided insights into the variety of genetic changes that accumulate in the env gene and LTR in experimentally infected horses. In the current study, we obtained EIAV sequences from blood samples collected from naturally infected Texas horses between 2000 and 2002. We found surface (SU) and long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences clearly related to EIAVWYO and its cell culture-adapted derivatives. Some blood samples yielded SU or LTR sequences belonging to 2 discrete clusters. In these cases, SU and LTR variation between animals was no greater than sequence variation within animals. In contrast, a portion of integrase (IN) was more homogeneous within animals than between animals. These results suggest that specific selective pressures are applied to SU and LTR sequences, potentially driving generation of two distinct sequence clusters within a horse. We speculate that viruses in one cluster may be more highly expressed and easily transmitted while those in the second cluster support long-term inapparent infection. The presence of homogeneous IN sequences within a horse supports the hypothesis that SU and LTR sequences diverged after the initial infection.
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Publication Date: 2016-01-06 PubMed ID: 26739458DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1280-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The article discusses a research study conducted on horses naturally infected with Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) in Texas between 2000 and 2002. The researchers found that infected horses harbor two distinct SU populations and are monophyletic with respect to IN.

Background and Purpose of the Research

  • The equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is known to cause lifelong infections in horses that can range from being acutely fatal to chronic and sometimes asymptomatic.
  • The virus is found as a quasispecies within infected animals, and many experiments on it have been conducted over the past 70 years.
  • The study aimed to examine blood samples collected from naturally infected Texas horses. It sought to offer insights into the variety of genetic changes that accumulate in the env gene and long terminal repeats (LTR) in infected horses.

Findings of the Research

  • The examination of the blood samples revealed surface (SU) and long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences that are closely related to the highly virulent Wyoming field strain of EIAV.
  • The research uncovered that SU and LTR sequences from some blood samples belonged to two different clusters. The sequence variation between animals was found to be no greater than the variation within animals themselves.
  • However, a portion of integrase (IN) was found to be more homogeneous within animals than between them, contradicting the variance found in SU and LTR samples.
  • The results indicate that specific selective pressures could be applied to SU and LTR sequences, potentially leading to the creation of two distinct sequence clusters within a horse.

Implications and Hypotheses

  • The researchers speculate that viruses in one cluster might be more highly expressed and easy to transmit, while the viruses in the second cluster could support long-term inapparent infection.
  • The presence of homogeneous IN sequences within a horse backs the hypothesis that SU and LTR sequences diverged following the initial infection. This means that these parts of the virus may mutate and diverge differently post-infection, impacting the course and expression of the illness within the host.

Cite This Article

APA
Cervantes DT, Ball JM, Edwards J, Payne S. (2016). Horses naturally infected with EIAV harbor 2 distinct SU populations but are monophyletic with respect to IN. Virus Genes, 52(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-015-1280-z

Publication

Virus genes
ISSN: 1572-994X
NlmUniqueID: 8803967
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 1
Pages: 71-80

Researcher Affiliations

Cervantes, Diana T
  • Texas Department of State Health Services, HSR 2/3 1301 S. Bowen Rd., Ste 200, Arlington, TX, 76013, USA.
Ball, Judith M
  • Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Edwards, John
  • Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Payne, Susan
  • Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. spayne@cvm.tamu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
  • Genetic Variation
  • Genome, Viral
  • Horses
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / classification
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / enzymology
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
  • Integrases / chemistry
  • Integrases / genetics
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Texas

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