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Home / Equine Research Bank / Infect Immun / Hypogammaglobulinemia and thymic hypoplasia in horses: a pri...
Infection and immunity1973; 8(2); 272-277; doi: 10.1128/iai.8.2.272-277.1973

Hypogammaglobulinemia and thymic hypoplasia in horses: a primary combined immunodeficiency disorder.

Abstract: A severe combined immunodeficiency disorder was demonstrated in two Arabian foals which were full siblings. The defect in the B-lymphocyte system was shown by hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, and absence of germinal centers. The almost total absence of thymic tissue in one foal and the lack of thymic dependent lymphocytes in the spleens of both foals demonstrate a T-lymphocyte defect. In a retrospective study of total available Arabian foal cases, 4 of 15 had evidence of immunodeficiency.
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Publication Date: 1973-08-01 PubMed ID: 4199158PubMed Central: PMC422843DOI: 10.1128/iai.8.2.272-277.1973Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper discusses a severe combined immunodeficiency disorder observed in two full sibling Arabian foals. The study characterizes the disorder through presentations such as hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, absence of germinal centers, absence of thymic tissues and lack of thymic dependant lymphocytes.

Background

  • The study focuses on two Arabian foals – newborn horses of the Arabian breed. They are full siblings, meaning they come from the same parents.
  • This breed seems to show a propensity towards displaying symptoms of a severe combined immunodeficiency disorder.
  • A retrospective study was done on 15 Arabian foal cases and 4 (approximately 27%) of these cases showed evidence of an immunodeficiency disorder.

Main Findings

  • The primary immunodeficiency disorder observed in the two foals is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphopenia. Hypogammaglobulinemia is a condition wherein the foals have abnormally low levels of immunoglobulins, the antibodies that are critical for fighting off infections. Lymphopenia, on the other hand, refers to the condition where there are abnormally few lymphocytes, types of white blood cells, in their blood.
  • Additionally, the foals also exhibited the absence of germinal centres, which are regions within lymphoid tissues where mature B cells grow, proliferate and differentiate. This is another indication of severe immunodeficiency as functional germinal centres are pivotal in a healthy immune response.
  • The nearly complete absence of thymic tissue in one foal and the lack of thymic dependent lymphocytes in the spleens of both foals are indicative of a T-lymphocyte defect. Thymic tissue is relevant in the maturation of T cells and their absence thus implies insufficient functional T-lymphocytes. These are vital in regulating the immune response and in targeting and coordinating the attack against infections.

Implications

  • These findings underline a critical health concern for Arabian foals. The high incidence of immunodeficiency disorder can be detrimental to their survival, as such a disorder reduces their ability to fight off infections effectively.
  • Further research can derive whether this disorder is genetic and can potentially be screened for in newborn foals, which may introduce potential treatment protocols or prevention measures for this disorder.

Cite This Article

APA
McGuire TC, Poppie MJ. (1973). Hypogammaglobulinemia and thymic hypoplasia in horses: a primary combined immunodeficiency disorder. Infect Immun, 8(2), 272-277. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.8.2.272-277.1973

Publication

Infection and immunity
ISSN: 0019-9567
NlmUniqueID: 0246127
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: 272-277

Researcher Affiliations

McGuire, T C
    Poppie, M J

      MeSH Terms

      • Agammaglobulinemia / immunology
      • Animals
      • Horse Diseases / immunology
      • Horses
      • Immunodiffusion
      • Immunoglobulin A / analysis
      • Immunoglobulin G / analysis
      • Immunoglobulin M / analysis
      • Immunoglobulins / analysis
      • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
      • Lung / pathology
      • Lymph Nodes / pathology
      • Spleen / pathology
      • Thymus Gland / immunology
      • Thymus Gland / pathology

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