Identification and phylogenetic comparison of Salem virus, a novel paramyxovirus of horses.
Abstract: A virus that could not be identified as a previously known equine virus was isolated from the mononuclear cells of a horse. Electron microscopy revealed enveloped virions with nucleocapsid structures characteristic of viruses in the Paramyxoviridae family. The virus failed to hemabsorb chicken or guinea pig red blood cells and lacked neuraminidase activity. Two viral genes were isolated from a cDNA expression library. Multiple sequence alignments of one gene indicated an average identity of 45% as compared to Morbillivirus N protein sequences. A weaker relationship was found with Tupaia paramyxovirus (TPMV) and Hendra virus (HeV) N proteins. In the second gene, multiple open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, corresponding to the arrangement of the P, V, and C ORFs in the Morbillivirus and Respirovirus viruses. Short stretches in the C-terminal regions of the P and C proteins showed limited homologies to viruses in the Morbillivirus genus but no obvious relationship to viruses in other genera. The V ORF translation product contained a highly conserved, cysteine-rich domain that is common to most viruses in the Paramyxovirinae subfamily. Sequencing of P gene cDNA clones confirmed the use of a cotranscriptional editing mechanism for the regulation of P/V expression. Based on the location of its origin it has been named Salem virus (SalV).
Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
Publication Date: 2000-05-04 PubMed ID: 10793001DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0305Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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The researchers have discovered a new type of virus in horses, which they have named the Salem virus. This virus is a type of paramyxovirus, but has certain unique characteristics not seen in known horse viruses.
Virus Identification
In this study, a virus was isolated from a horse’s mononuclear cells, which was discovered not to be a previously known equine virus. Electron microscopy, a powerful technique that uses a beam of electrons instead of light to form an image, was used to visually detect the virus. The virus was revealed to contain structures characteristic of the Paramyxoviridae family and was enveloped.
The virus did not hemabsorb, or reattach to, chicken or guinea pig red blood cells, and it lacked neuraminidase activity. Neuraminidase is an enzyme that helps viruses to be released from an infected cell and spread to others. The absence of these common viral properties suggested to the researchers that this was a new, unidentified virus.
Genetic Analysis
To further investigate the virus, its genes were isolated from a complementary DNA (cDNA) expression library, which is essentially a collection of the organism’s genes.
- The first gene showed an average identity of 45% when compared to Morbillivirus N protein sequences. The Morbillivirus genus includes viruses responsible for diseases such as measles in humans and distemper in dogs.
- A weaker relationship was found with the N proteins of two other types of paramyxoviruses, Tupaia paramyxovirus (TPMV) and Hendra virus (HeV).
- The second gene contained multiple open reading frames (ORFs) characteristic of the gene arrangement in Morbillivirus and Respirovirus viruses.
- Short sequences at the ends of the P and C proteins had some resemblances to the Morbillivirus genus, but no clear relationship to other types of viruses.
Viral Naming
Based upon the location of its discovery, the researchers named this new virus Salem virus (SalV). This study provides the first description and genetic analysis of the SalV, which expands our understanding of the viruses that can infect horses and possibly, the diseases they may cause.
Cite This Article
APA
Renshaw RW, Glaser AL, Van Campen H, Weiland F, Dubovi EJ.
(2000).
Identification and phylogenetic comparison of Salem virus, a novel paramyxovirus of horses.
Virology, 270(2), 417-429.
https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.2000.0305 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. rwr3@cornell.edu
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Genes, Viral
- Genome, Viral
- Horses / virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Respirovirus / genetics
- Respirovirus / isolation & purification
- Sequence Alignment
Citations
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