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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associ...
Viruses2021; 13(7); doi: 10.3390/v13071330

Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals.

Abstract: Equine rotavirus group A (ERVA) is one of the most common causes of foal diarrhea. Starting in February 2021, there was an increase in the frequency of severe watery to hemorrhagic diarrhea cases in neonatal foals in Central Kentucky. Diagnostic investigation of fecal samples failed to detect evidence of diarrhea-causing pathogens including ERVA. Based on Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, we identified a novel equine rotavirus group B (ERVB) in fecal specimens from the affected foals in the absence of any other known enteric pathogens. Interestingly, the protein sequence of all 11 segments had greater than 96% identity with group B rotaviruses previously found in ruminants. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of the ERVB with group B rotaviruses of caprine and bovine strains from the USA. Subsequent analysis of 33 foal diarrheic samples by RT-qPCR identified 23 rotavirus B-positive cases (69.69%). These observations suggest that the ERVB originated from ruminants and was associated with outbreaks of neonatal foal diarrhea in the 2021 foaling season in Kentucky. Emergence of the ruminant-like group B rotavirus in foals clearly warrants further investigation due to the significant impact of the disease in neonatal foals and its economic impact on the equine industry.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-09 PubMed ID: 34372536PubMed Central: PMC8310321DOI: 10.3390/v13071330Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research reveals a new type of Equine Rotavirus (ERVB) that was discovered during an outbreak of diarrheal disease in newborn foals in Kentucky. This ERVB is similar to those previously found in ruminants like goats and cows, suggesting a possible cross-species transfer.

Research Context

  • The study took place in the wake of an outbreak of severe diarrhea among newborn horses (foals) in Central Kentucky.
  • This disease is typically caused by Equine Rotavirus group A (ERVA), but in these particular cases, the typical pathogens were not detected.
  • The researchers turned to metagenomic sequencing, a method that allows for comprehensive analysis of genetic material, to identify the actual cause of the outbreak.

Findings

  • Through the sequencing process, researchers discovered a new type of Equine Rotavirus Group B (ERVB).
  • Interestingly, the protein sequences of the ERVB showed a strong resemblance (over 96% identity) to Group B Rotaviruses found in ruminants (mammals like cows and goats), which suggested a likely cross-species transmission.
  • Phylogenetic analysis (the study of evolutionary relationships between species) also demonstrated a genetic relation between the ERVB and strains of rotaviruses found in goats and cows in the USA.
  • Out of 33 samples of diarrheal feces from foals, 23 cases (nearly 70%) tested positive for the rotavirus B, further substantiating the role this pathogen played in the diarrhea outbreak.

Implications

  • This discovery implies that ERVB, originally from ruminants, was associated with the outbreak of diarrhea in foals in Kentucky’s 2021 foaling season.
  • The emergence of this ruminant-like rotavirus in foals is of significant concern as it suggests a new potential threat to the equine industry which could have a significant economic impact.
  • The study prompts further investigation into the disease, particularly its transmission from ruminants to equines, and possible preventive measures.

Cite This Article

APA
Uprety T, Sreenivasan CC, Hause BM, Li G, Odemuyiwa SO, Locke S, Morgan J, Zeng L, Gilsenan WF, Slovis N, Metcalfe L, Carter CN, Timoney P, Horohov D, Wang D, Erol E, Adam E, Li F. (2021). Identification of a Ruminant Origin Group B Rotavirus Associated with Diarrhea Outbreaks in Foals. Viruses, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071330

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 7

Researcher Affiliations

Uprety, Tirth
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Sreenivasan, Chithra C
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Hause, Ben M
  • Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
Li, Ganwu
  • Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Odemuyiwa, Solomon O
  • Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
Locke, Stephan
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USA.
Morgan, Jocelynn
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USA.
Zeng, Li
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USA.
Gilsenan, William F
  • Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40511, USA.
Slovis, Nathan
  • Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY 40511, USA.
Metcalfe, Laurie
  • Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40511, USA.
Carter, Craig N
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USA.
Timoney, Peter
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Horohov, David
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Wang, Dan
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Erol, Erdal
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40512, USA.
Adam, Emma
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Li, Feng
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Capsid Proteins / genetics
  • Diarrhea / etiology
  • Diarrhea / virology
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Feces / virology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses / virology
  • Kentucky
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
  • Rotavirus / classification
  • Rotavirus / pathogenicity
  • Rotavirus Infections / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: William F. Gilsenan and Nathan Slovis are employed by Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital and Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, respectively. These two entities provide diagnostic services and treatment for equine diseases. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the journal policies on sharing data and materials.

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