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Identification of noncytopathic equine rhinovirus 1 as a cause of acute febrile respiratory disease in horses.
Abstract: Equine rhinovirus 1 (ERhV1) is a recognized cause of acute febrile respiratory disease in horse, although the virus is rarely isolated from such animals, despite seroprevalence rates as high as 50% in some horse populations. Recently, ERhV1 has been shown to be most closely related to foot-and-mouth disease virus, raising questions as to its disease associations in horses. We report that ERhV1 infection was the likely cause of two separate outbreaks of severe febrile respiratory disease which involved more than 20 horses. Attempts to isolate ErhV1 from nasopharyngeal swabs by conventional cell culture methods were unsuccessful, in that cytopathology was not observed. Viral antigen was detected by immunofluorescence assay in the cytoplasm of cells infected with 10 of 15 nasopharyngeal swab samples, indicating the presence and presumably replication of ERhV1. A rise in serum neutralizing antibody titer between acute- and convalescent-phase sera confirmed that ERhV1 was causatively associated with one of the outbreaks. ERhV1 RNA was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs collected from all horses during the acute phase of disease by reverse transcription-PCR. Nucleotide sequencing of amplified products showed that within each outbreak a single strain of ERhV1 was involved but that distinct viruses were involved in each outbreak. A retrospective study of samples from nine other outbreaks of respiratory disease in horses suggested ERhV1 etiology in at least two of these. We conclude that the relative importance of ERhV1 as a cause of acute febrile respiratory disease in horses has been underestimated due to failure in many instances to isolate virus by conventional cell culture methods.
Publication Date: 1997-04-01 PubMed ID: 9157156PubMed Central: PMC229704DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.4.937-943.1997Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article discusses a study on the role of equine rhinovirus 1 (ERhV1) in causing acute febrile respiratory disease in horses. The virus has been detected in horses but has rarely been isolated; the study concluded that the scale of ERhV1 contribution to the disease has been previously underestimated.
Research Objectives and Importance of the Study
- The study was designed to identify the role of equine rhinovirus 1 (ERhV1) in acute febrile respiratory disease amongst horses.
- This investigation is crucial as the virus is rarely isolated from horses suffering from the disease, despite high seroprevalence rates in some horse populations.
- The relation of ERhV1 to foot-and-mouth disease virus brought further questions about its disease associations in horses which needed exploratory studies.
Methodology
- The researchers studied two different outbreaks, with over 20 horses afflicted with severe febrile respiratory disease.
- They tried to isolate ERhV1 from the nasopharyngeal swabs of the affected horses using conventional cell culture methods, but there was no cytopathology observed.
- They detected the viral antigen through an immunofluorescence assay, confirming the presence of ERhV1.
- They also employed reverse transcription-PCR to monitor ERhV1 RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs taken from all horses during the acute phase of the disease.
- The team compared acute-and convalescent-phase sera to confirm the viral origin of the outbreak.
Findings
- Nucleotide sequencing revealed that each outbreak involved a single strain of the ERhV1, but distinct viruses were involved in each outbreak.
- The research team established ERhV1 as the causative factor of both respiratory disease outbreaks, concluding that ERhV1 is an underestimated cause of febrile respiratory disease in horses because isolation of the virus using conventional cell culture methods often fails.
Implications of the Study
- The research results underscore ERhV1’s potential role as a significant cause of acute febrile respiratory disease in horses.
- The study can contribute to a better understanding of the diseases affecting horses, towards more effective diagnosis and management strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
Li F, Drummer HE, Ficorilli N, Studdert MJ, Crabb BS.
(1997).
Identification of noncytopathic equine rhinovirus 1 as a cause of acute febrile respiratory disease in horses.
J Clin Microbiol, 35(4), 937-943.
https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.35.4.937-943.1997 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Center for Equine Virology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral / analysis
- Base Sequence
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Picornaviridae Infections / veterinary
- Picornaviridae Infections / virology
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / virology
- Rhinovirus / immunology
- Rhinovirus / isolation & purification
- Sequence Alignment
References
This article includes 10 references
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Citations
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