FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Genes and immunity2023; 24(3); 130-138; doi: 10.1038/s41435-023-00207-w

IgE-binding monocytes upregulate the coagulation cascade in allergic horses.

Abstract: IgE-binding monocytes are a rare peripheral immune cell type involved in the allergic response through binding of IgE on their surface. IgE-binding monocytes are present in both healthy and allergic individuals. We performed RNA sequencing to ask how the function of IgE-binding monocytes differs in the context of allergy. Using a large animal model of allergy, equine Culicoides hypersensitivity, we compared the transcriptome of IgE-binding monocytes in allergic and non-allergic horses at two seasonal timepoints: (i) when allergic animals were clinical healthy, in the winter "Remission Phase", and (ii) during chronic disease, in the summer "Clinical Phase". Most transcriptional differences between allergic and non-allergic horses occurred only during the "Remission Phase", suggesting principal differences in monocyte function even in the absence of allergen exposure. F13A1, a subunit of fibrinoligase, was significantly upregulated at both timepoints in allergic horses. This suggested a role for increased fibrin deposition in the coagulation cascade to promote allergic inflammation. IgE-binding monocytes also downregulated CCR10 expression in allergic horses during the "Clinical Phase", suggesting a defect in maintenance of skin homeostasis, which further promotes allergic inflammation. Together, this transcriptional analysis provides valuable clues into the mechanisms used by IgE-binding monocytes in allergic individuals.
© 2023. The Author(s).
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-05-16 PubMed ID: 37193769PubMed Central: PMC10266973DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00207-wGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines the role of a unique immune cell type, IgE-binding monocytes, in allergic responses in horses. The research identifies significant differences in the function of these cells in allergic versus non-allergic horses, suggesting they may play a prominent role in allergic inflammation.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers performed RNA sequencing to investigate the function of IgE-binding monocytes in allergic environments compared to non-allergic ones. This high-throughput method allows for analyzing the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously, giving a comprehensive picture of cellular function.
  • The study used a large animal model of allergy, specifically equine Culicoides hypersensitivity, a common and severe allergic disease in horses.
  • The team compared the gene expression of IgE-binding monocytes in allergic and non-allergic horses at two seasonal times: during winter “Remission Phase” when allergic horses were clinically healthy and during summer “Clinical Phase”, a time of chronic disease.

Key Findings

  • Most differences in gene expression between allergic and non-allergic horses were observed in the “Remission Phase”, indicating key differences in monocyte function even without allergen exposure.
  • The gene F13A1, a subunit of the enzyme responsible for fibrin formation in blood clotting, was more active in allergic horses at both time points. This suggests that increased fibrin creation in the coagulation cascade could contribute to allergic inflammation.
  • The researchers also discovered that the CCR10 gene – a receptor that plays a role in skin health and immune responses – was less active in allergic horses during the “Clinical Phase”. This indicates potential issues with maintaining skin health, which could further exacerbate allergic inflammation.

Research Implications

  • The findings from the transcriptional analysis provide new insights into the mechanisms by which IgE-binding monocytes contribute to allergic responses. Understanding these mechanisms could inform the development of new treatment approaches for allergies.
  • The upregulation of F13A1 in allergic horses suggests that modulation of the coagulation cascade could be a potential therapeutic strategy in managing allergic inflammation.
  • The downregulation of CCR10 in IgE-binding monocytes during the chronic disease phase implies that improving skin homeostasis might have therapeutic benefits for allergic reactions.

Cite This Article

APA
Simonin EM, Wagner B. (2023). IgE-binding monocytes upregulate the coagulation cascade in allergic horses. Genes Immun, 24(3), 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-023-00207-w

Publication

Genes and immunity
ISSN: 1476-5470
NlmUniqueID: 100953417
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 24
Issue: 3
Pages: 130-138

Researcher Affiliations

Simonin, Elisabeth M
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Wagner, Bettina
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. bw73@cornell.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Hypersensitivity / immunology
  • Hypersensitivity / veterinary
  • Up-Regulation
  • Monocytes / immunology
  • Immunoglobulin E / immunology
  • Sequence Analysis, RNA
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Transcription, Genetic

Grant Funding

  • S10 RR025502 / NCRR NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

References

This article includes 62 references
  1. Siracusa MC, Kim BS, Spergel JM, Artis D. Basophils and allergic inflammation.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013 Oct;132(4):789-801; quiz 788.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.046pmc: PMC3903395pubmed: 24075190google scholar: lookup
  2. Galli SJ, Tsai M. IgE and mast cells in allergic disease.. Nat Med 2012 May 4;18(5):693-704.
    doi: 10.1038/nm.2755pmc: PMC3597223pubmed: 22561833google scholar: lookup
  3. Larson EM, Babasyan S, Wagner B. Phenotype and function of IgE-binding monocytes in equine Culicoides hypersensitivity.. PLoS One 2020;15(5):e0233537.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233537pmc: PMC7244122pubmed: 32442209google scholar: lookup
  4. Novak N, Bieber T, Katoh N. Engagement of Fc epsilon RI on human monocytes induces the production of IL-10 and prevents their differentiation in dendritic cells.. J Immunol 2001 Jul 15;167(2):797-804.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.2.797pubmed: 11441085google scholar: lookup
  5. Pyle DM, Yang VS, Gruchalla RS, Farrar JD, Gill MA. IgE cross-linking critically impairs human monocyte function by blocking phagocytosis.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013 Feb;131(2):491-500.e1-5.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.037pmc: PMC3564054pubmed: 23374271google scholar: lookup
  6. Maurer D, Fiebiger E, Reininger B, Wolff-Winiski B, Jouvin MH, Kilgus O, Kinet JP, Stingl G. Expression of functional high affinity immunoglobulin E receptors (Fc epsilon RI) on monocytes of atopic individuals.. J Exp Med 1994 Feb 1;179(2):745-50.
    doi: 10.1084/jem.179.2.745pmc: PMC2191351pubmed: 8294882google scholar: lookup
  7. Larson EM, Babasyan S, Wagner B. IgE-Binding Monocytes Have an Enhanced Ability to Produce IL-8 (CXCL8) in Animals with Naturally Occurring Allergy.. J Immunol 2021 May 15;206(10):2312-2321.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001354pmc: PMC8185406pubmed: 33952617google scholar: lookup
  8. Guilliams M, Mildner A, Yona S. Developmental and Functional Heterogeneity of Monocytes.. Immunity 2018 Oct 16;49(4):595-613.
    doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.005pubmed: 30332628google scholar: lookup
  9. Orozco SL, Canny SP, Hamerman JA. Signals governing monocyte differentiation during inflammation.. Curr Opin Immunol 2021 Dec;73:16-24.
    doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.07.007pmc: PMC8648978pubmed: 34411882google scholar: lookup
  10. Anderson GS, Belton P, Kleider N. Hypersensitivity of horses in British Columbia to extracts of native and exotic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).. J Med Entomol 1993 Jul;30(4):657-63.
    doi: 10.1093/jmedent/30.4.657pubmed: 8360890google scholar: lookup
  11. Björnsdóttir S, Sigvaldadóttir J, Broström H, Langvad B, Sigurdsson A. Summer eczema in exported Icelandic horses: influence of environmental and genetic factors.. Acta Vet Scand 2006 May 26;48(1):3.
    doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-48-3pmc: PMC1513129pubmed: 16987399google scholar: lookup
  12. Braverman Y. Preferred landing sites of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on a horse in Israel and its relevance to summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis (sweet itch).. Equine Vet J 1988 Nov;20(6):426-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01566.xpubmed: 3215168google scholar: lookup
  13. Greiner EC, Fadok VA, Rabin EB. Equine Culicoides hypersensitivity in Florida: biting midges aspirated from horses.. Med Vet Entomol 1990 Oct;4(4):375-81.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00454.xpubmed: 2133005google scholar: lookup
  14. Littlewood JD. Incidence of recurrent seasonal pruritus ('sweet itch') in British and German shire horses.. Vet Rec 1998 Jan 17;142(3):66-7.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.142.3.66pubmed: 9481844google scholar: lookup
  15. Steinman A, Peer G, Klement E. Epidemiological study of Culicoides hypersensitivity in horses in Israel.. Vet Rec 2003 Jun 14;152(24):748-51.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.152.24.748pubmed: 12833935google scholar: lookup
  16. Pilsworth RC, Knottenbelt DC. Skin diseases refresher equine insect hypersensitivity disease profile. Equine Vet Educ 2004;6:324–5.
  17. Wagner B. The immune system of horses and other equids. Encyclopedia of Immunobiology 2016, pp 549–55.
  18. Larsen HJ, Bakke SH, Mehl R. Intradermal challenge of Icelandic horses in Norway and Iceland with extracts of Culicoides spp.. Acta Vet Scand 1988;29(3-4):311-4.
    doi: 10.1186/BF03548623pmc: PMC8161629pubmed: 3256230google scholar: lookup
  19. Larson EM, Wagner B. Viral infection and allergy - What equine immune responses can tell us about disease severity and protection.. Mol Immunol 2021 Jul;135:329-341.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.013pubmed: 33975251google scholar: lookup
  20. Horohov DW. The equine immune responses to infectious and allergic disease: a model for humans?. Mol Immunol 2015 Jul;66(1):89-96.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.020pubmed: 25457878google scholar: lookup
  21. Wagner B, Radbruch A, Rohwer J, Leibold W. Monoclonal anti-equine IgE antibodies with specificity for different epitopes on the immunoglobulin heavy chain of native IgE.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003 Mar 20;92(1-2):45-60.
    doi: 10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00007-2pubmed: 12628763google scholar: lookup
  22. Wagner B, Miller WH Jr, Erb HN, Lunn DP, Antczak DF. Sensitization of skin mast cells with IgE antibodies to Culicoides allergens occurs frequently in clinically healthy horses.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009 Nov 15;132(1):53-61.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.09.015pubmed: 19836083google scholar: lookup
  23. Wagner B, Stokol T, Ainsworth DM. Induction of interleukin-4 production in neonatal IgE+ cells after crosslinking of maternal IgE.. Dev Comp Immunol 2010 Apr;34(4):436-44.
    doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.12.002pubmed: 19995577google scholar: lookup
  24. Wagner B, Miller WH, Morgan EE, Hillegas JM, Erb HN, Leibold W, Antczak DF. IgE and IgG antibodies in skin allergy of the horse.. Vet Res 2006 Nov-Dec;37(6):813-25.
    doi: 10.1051/vetres:2006039pubmed: 16973120google scholar: lookup
  25. Wagner B, Childs BA, Erb HN. A histamine release assay to identify sensitization to Culicoides allergens in horses with skin hypersensitivity.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008 Dec 15;126(3-4):302-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.001pubmed: 18926574google scholar: lookup
  26. Simonin EM, Babasyan S, Wagner B. Peripheral CD23(hi)/IgE(+) Plasmablasts Secrete IgE and Correlate with Allergic Disease Severity.. J Immunol 2022 Aug 15;209(4):665-674.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101081pubmed: 35896336google scholar: lookup
  27. Raza F, Babasyan S, Larson EM, Freer HS, Schnabel CL, Wagner B. Peripheral blood basophils are the main source for early interleukin-4 secretion upon in vitro stimulation with Culicoides allergen in allergic horses.. PLoS One 2021;16(5):e0252243.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252243pmc: PMC8153460pubmed: 34038479google scholar: lookup
  28. Schaffartzik A, Marti E, Crameri R, Rhyner C. Cloning, production and characterization of antigen 5 like proteins from Simulium vittatum and Culicoides nubeculosus, the first cross-reactive allergen associated with equine insect bite hypersensitivity.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010 Sep 15;137(1-2):76-83.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.04.012pubmed: 20537727google scholar: lookup
  29. Schaffartzik A, Marti E, Torsteinsdottir S, Mellor PS, Crameri R, Rhyner C. Selective cloning, characterization, and production of the Culicoides nubeculosus salivary gland allergen repertoire associated with equine insect bite hypersensitivity.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011 Feb 15;139(2-4):200-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.015pubmed: 21071100google scholar: lookup
  30. Schaffartzik A, Hamza E, Janda J, Crameri R, Marti E, Rhyner C. Equine insect bite hypersensitivity: what do we know?. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012 Jun 30;147(3-4):113-26.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.03.017pubmed: 22575371google scholar: lookup
  31. van der Meide NM, Roders N, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, Schaap PJ, van Oers MM, Leibold W, Savelkoul HF, Tijhaar E. Cloning and expression of candidate allergens from Culicoides obsoletus for diagnosis of insect bite hypersensitivity in horses.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013 Jun 15;153(3-4):227-39.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.03.005pubmed: 23561552google scholar: lookup
  32. Holmes CM, Violette N, Miller D, Wagner B, Svansson V, Antczak DF. MHC haplotype diversity in Icelandic horses determined by polymorphic microsatellites.. Genes Immun 2019 Nov;20(8):660-670.
    doi: 10.1038/s41435-019-0075-ypubmed: 31068686google scholar: lookup
  33. Halldórdsóttir S, Larsen HJ. An epidemiological study of summer eczema in Icelandic horses in Norway.. Equine Vet J 1991 Jul;23(4):296-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03721.xpubmed: 1915231google scholar: lookup
  34. Raza F, Ivanek R, Freer H, Reiche D, Rose H, Torsteinsdóttir S, Svansson V, Björnsdóttir S, Wagner B. Cul o 2 specific IgG3/5 antibodies predicted Culicoides hypersensitivity in a group imported Icelandic horses.. BMC Vet Res 2020 Aug 10;16(1):283.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02499-wpmc: PMC7418374pubmed: 32778104google scholar: lookup
  35. Miller JE, Mann S, Fettelschoss-Gabriel A, Wagner B. Comparison of three clinical scoring systems for Culicoides hypersensitivity in a herd of Icelandic horses.. Vet Dermatol 2019 Dec;30(6):536-e163.
    doi: 10.1111/vde.12784pubmed: 31441172google scholar: lookup
  36. Kabithe E, Hillegas J, Stokol T, Moore J, Wagner B. Monoclonal antibodies to equine CD14.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010 Nov 15;138(1-2):149-53.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.003pubmed: 20674042google scholar: lookup
  37. Kydd J, Antczak DF, Allen WR, Barbis D, Butcher G, Davis W, Duffus WP, Edington N, Grünig G, Holmes MA. Report of the First International Workshop on Equine Leucocyte Antigens, Cambridge, UK, July 1991.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1994 Jul;42(1):3-60.
    doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90088-4pubmed: 7975180google scholar: lookup
  38. Noronha LE, Harman RM, Wagner B, Antczak DF. Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to equine CD16.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012 Apr 15;146(2):135-42.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.02.006pmc: PMC3684017pubmed: 22424928google scholar: lookup
  39. Ibrahim S, Saunders K, Kydd JH, Lunn DP, Steinbach F. Screening of anti-human leukocyte monoclonal antibodies for reactivity with equine leukocytes.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007 Sep 15;119(1-2):63-80.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.034pubmed: 17707518google scholar: lookup
  40. Dobin A, Davis CA, Schlesinger F, Drenkow J, Zaleski C, Jha S, Batut P, Chaisson M, Gingeras TR. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner.. Bioinformatics 2013 Jan 1;29(1):15-21.
    doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635pmc: PMC3530905pubmed: 23104886google scholar: lookup
  41. Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2.. Genome Biol 2014;15(12):550.
    doi: 10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8pmc: PMC4302049pubmed: 25516281google scholar: lookup
  42. McGettrick AF, O'Neill LA. Toll-like receptors: key activators of leucocytes and regulator of haematopoiesis.. Br J Haematol 2007 Oct;139(2):185-93.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06802.xpubmed: 17897294google scholar: lookup
  43. Bagoly Z, Katona E, Muszbek L. Factor XIII and inflammatory cells.. Thromb Res 2012 May;129 Suppl 2:S77-81.
    doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.02.040pubmed: 22425216google scholar: lookup
  44. Becker M, De Bastiani MA, Parisi MM, Guma FT, Markoski MM, Castro MA, Kaplan MH, Barbé-Tuana FM, Klamt F. Integrated Transcriptomics Establish Macrophage Polarization Signatures and have Potential Applications for Clinical Health and Disease.. Sci Rep 2015 Aug 25;5:13351.
    doi: 10.1038/srep13351pmc: PMC4548187pubmed: 26302899google scholar: lookup
  45. Martinez FO, Gordon S, Locati M, Mantovani A. Transcriptional profiling of the human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarization: new molecules and patterns of gene expression.. J Immunol 2006 Nov 15;177(10):7303-11.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7303pubmed: 17082649google scholar: lookup
  46. Takabayashi T, Kato A, Peters AT, Hulse KE, Suh LA, Carter R, Norton J, Grammer LC, Tan BK, Chandra RK, Conley DB, Kern RC, Fujieda S, Schleimer RP. Increased expression of factor XIII-A in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013 Sep;132(3):584-592.e4.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.003pmc: PMC3737402pubmed: 23541322google scholar: lookup
  47. Scotton CJ, Martinez FO, Smelt MJ, Sironi M, Locati M, Mantovani A, Sozzani S. Transcriptional profiling reveals complex regulation of the monocyte IL-1 beta system by IL-13.. J Immunol 2005 Jan 15;174(2):834-45.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.2.834pubmed: 15634905google scholar: lookup
  48. Finkelman FD, Katona IM, Urban JF Jr, Holmes J, Ohara J, Tung AS, Sample JV, Paul WE. IL-4 is required to generate and sustain in vivo IgE responses.. J Immunol 1988 Oct 1;141(7):2335-41.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.141.7.2335pubmed: 2459206google scholar: lookup
  49. Punnonen J, de Vries JE. IL-13 induces proliferation, Ig isotype switching, and Ig synthesis by immature human fetal B cells.. J Immunol 1994 Feb 1;152(3):1094-102.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.3.1094pubmed: 7507958google scholar: lookup
  50. Lebman DA, Coffman RL. Interleukin 4 causes isotype switching to IgE in T cell-stimulated clonal B cell cultures.. J Exp Med 1988 Sep 1;168(3):853-62.
    doi: 10.1084/jem.168.3.853pmc: PMC2189023pubmed: 3049907google scholar: lookup
  51. Thorsen S, Philips M, Selmer J, Lecander I, Astedt B. Kinetics of inhibition of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator by plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 and type 2.. Eur J Biochem 1988 Jul 15;175(1):33-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14162.xpubmed: 3136015google scholar: lookup
  52. Napolitano F, Montuori N. Role of Plasminogen Activation System in Platelet Pathophysiology: Emerging Concepts for Translational Applications.. Int J Mol Sci 2022 May 28;23(11).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms23116065pmc: PMC9181697pubmed: 35682744google scholar: lookup
  53. Chapin JC, Hajjar KA. Fibrinolysis and the control of blood coagulation.. Blood Rev 2015 Jan;29(1):17-24.
    doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.09.003pmc: PMC4314363pubmed: 25294122google scholar: lookup
  54. Dunkelberger JR, Song WC. Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses.. Cell Res 2010 Jan;20(1):34-50.
    doi: 10.1038/cr.2009.139pubmed: 20010915google scholar: lookup
  55. Nikolajsen CL, Dyrlund TF, Poulsen ET, Enghild JJ, Scavenius C. Coagulation factor XIIIa substrates in human plasma: identification and incorporation into the clot.. J Biol Chem 2014 Mar 7;289(10):6526-6534.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.517904pmc: PMC3945317pubmed: 24443567google scholar: lookup
  56. Xiong N, Fu Y, Hu S, Xia M, Yang J. CCR10 and its ligands in regulation of epithelial immunity and diseases.. Protein Cell 2012 Aug;3(8):571-80.
    doi: 10.1007/s13238-012-2927-3pmc: PMC4430102pubmed: 22684736google scholar: lookup
  57. Kakinuma T, Saeki H, Tsunemi Y, Fujita H, Asano N, Mitsui H, Tada Y, Wakugawa M, Watanabe T, Torii H, Komine M, Asahina A, Nakamura K, Tamaki K. Increased serum cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CCL27) levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 Mar;111(3):592-7.
    doi: 10.1067/mai.2003.114pubmed: 12642842google scholar: lookup
  58. Chen L, Lin SX, Agha-Majzoub R, Overbergh L, Mathieu C, Chan LS. CCL27 is a critical factor for the development of atopic dermatitis in the keratin-14 IL-4 transgenic mouse model.. Int Immunol 2006 Aug;18(8):1233-42.
    doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxl054pubmed: 16735375google scholar: lookup
  59. Homey B, Alenius H, Müller A, Soto H, Bowman EP, Yuan W, McEvoy L, Lauerma AI, Assmann T, Bünemann E, Lehto M, Wolff H, Yen D, Marxhausen H, To W, Sedgwick J, Ruzicka T, Lehmann P, Zlotnik A. CCL27-CCR10 interactions regulate T cell-mediated skin inflammation.. Nat Med 2002 Feb;8(2):157-65.
    doi: 10.1038/nm0202-157pubmed: 11821900google scholar: lookup
  60. Cvitas I, Galichet A, Ling SC, Müller EJ, Marti E. Toll-like receptor-ligand induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in primary equine keratinocytes.. Vet Dermatol 2020 Apr;31(2):154-162.
    doi: 10.1111/vde.12813pubmed: 31755151google scholar: lookup
  61. Xia M, Hu S, Fu Y, Jin W, Yi Q, Matsui Y, Yang J, McDowell MA, Sarkar S, Kalia V, Xiong N. CCR10 regulates balanced maintenance and function of resident regulatory and effector T cells to promote immune homeostasis in the skin.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014 Sep;134(3):634-644.e10.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.010pmc: PMC4149943pubmed: 24767879google scholar: lookup
  62. Edgar R, Domrachev M, Lash AE. Gene Expression Omnibus: NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository.. Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Jan 1;30(1):207-10.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/30.1.207pmc: PMC99122pubmed: 11752295google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Raza A, Naseem MN, Kamran M, Nouwens A, Juli MSB, Constantinoiu C, Tabor A, Schulz B, James P. Serum proteomic profiling reveals immune and inflammatory mechanisms driving susceptibility to buffalo fly-induced skin lesions in cattle. Sci Rep 2025 Dec 3;16(1):769.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-30396-5pubmed: 41339694google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.