FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Frontiers in immunology2023; 14; 1104609; doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104609

IgE+ plasmablasts predict the onset of clinical allergy.

Abstract: IgE+ plasmablasts develop following allergen exposure and B cell activation. They secrete IgE and therefore are directly linked to maintain the mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergies. Here, we show that the presence of IgE+ plasmablasts in peripheral blood not only coincides with clinical allergy, but also predicts the upcoming development of clinical disease. Using an equine model of naturally occurring allergy, we compared the timing of allergen exposure, arrival of IgE+ plasmablasts in peripheral blood, and onset of clinical disease. We found that IgE+ plasmablasts predict the development of clinical allergy by at least 3 weeks and can be measured directly by flow cytometry or by IgE secretion following culture. We also compared the IgE secretion by IgE+ plasmablasts with total plasma IgE concentrations and found that while IgE secretion consistently correlates with clinical allergy, total plasma IgE does not. Together, we describe IgE+ plasmablasts as a reliable and sensitive predictive biomarker of allergic disease development.
Copyright © 2023 Simonin, Babasyan, Tarsillo and Wagner.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-02-02 PubMed ID: 36817463PubMed Central: PMC9932261DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104609Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research shows that IgE+ plasmablasts, which are cells that secrete an antibody involved in allergic reactions, not only appear in the blood during an allergic response but can also predict the onset of clinical allergy symptoms. By studying these cells in horses, the scientists found that they could be measured in blood samples weeks before clinical symptoms appeared, and their activity was a more reliable indicator of future allergy symptoms than just measuring levels of the IgE antibody in the blood.

Study Design

The research was designed to investigate the relevance of IgE+ plasmablasts, a type of white blood cell, in predicting the onset of allergy symptoms. The study was conducted using an equine model of naturally occurring allergies.

  • The researchers examined the timing of allergen exposure (when the horse came into contact with substances that could trigger an allergic response)
  • The arrival of IgE+ plasmablasts in peripheral blood (the presence of these cells in the bloodstream), and
  • The onset of clinical disease (when allergy symptoms became obvious).

Key Findings

  • The main finding was that the presence of IgE+ plasmablasts in the blood could predict the development of allergy symptoms up to three weeks in advance.
  • These cells could be detected using flow cytometry, a laboratory technique that can count and sort cells, or measured by the IgE they secrete following the culture.
  • The study also compared the secretion of IgE by IgE+ plasmablasts with the total levels of IgE in the plasma. It was found that while the former consistently correlates with clinical allergy symptoms, the latter does not always do so.

Implications and Conclusion

The research suggests that IgE+ plasmablasts serve as a more reliable and sensitive marker for predicting the development of allergic diseases compared to just measuring the total IgE levels in the blood. This could potentially revolutionize the diagnosis and management of allergies, as the presence of these cells in the blood could serve as an early warning sign of an impending allergic reaction, allowing for pre-emptive treatment. Therefore, the scientists posit IgE+ plasmablasts as a valuable tool in the future study and management of allergies.

Cite This Article

APA
Simonin EM, Babasyan S, Tarsillo J, Wagner B. (2023). IgE+ plasmablasts predict the onset of clinical allergy. Front Immunol, 14, 1104609. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104609

Publication

Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
NlmUniqueID: 101560960
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Pages: 1104609
PII: 1104609

Researcher Affiliations

Simonin, Elisabeth M
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Babasyan, Susanna
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Tarsillo, Justine
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Wagner, Bettina
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Immunoglobulin E
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Plasma Cells
  • Hypersensitivity, Immediate
  • Allergens

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors ES, SB, and BW have submitted a patent application entitled ‘IgE+ plasmablasts as a predictive biomarker of allergy’ that uses technology described in this article. The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 59 references
  1. Galli SJ, Tsai M. IgE and mast cells in allergic disease.. Nat Med 2012 May 4;18(5):693-704.
    doi: 10.1038/nm.2755pmc: PMC3597223pubmed: 22561833google scholar: lookup
  2. Ciprandi G, Tosca MA, Silvestri M. The practical role of serum allergen-specific IgE as potential biomarker for predicting responder to allergen immunotherapy.. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014 Mar;10(3):321-4.
    doi: 10.1586/1744666X.2014.872032pubmed: 24450987google scholar: lookup
  3. Muraro A, Arasi S. Biomarkers in Food Allergy.. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018 Oct 3;18(11):64.
    doi: 10.1007/s11882-018-0816-4pubmed: 30284049google scholar: lookup
  4. Letrán A, Espinazo M, Moreno F. Measurement of IgE to pollen allergen components is helpful in selecting patients for immunotherapy.. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013 Oct;111(4):295-7.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.07.005pubmed: 24054367google scholar: lookup
  5. Hazebrouck S, Guillon B, Paty E, Dreskin SC, Adel-Patient K, Bernard H. Variable IgE cross-reactivity between peanut 2S-albumins: The case for measuring IgE to both Ara h 2 and Ara h 6.. Clin Exp Allergy 2019 Aug;49(8):1107-1115.
    doi: 10.1111/cea.13432pmc: PMC6684383pubmed: 31108010google scholar: lookup
  6. Ehlers AM, Blankestijn MA, Knulst AC, Klinge M, Otten HG. Can alternative epitope mapping approaches increase the impact of B-cell epitopes in food allergy diagnostics?. Clin Exp Allergy 2019 Jan;49(1):17-26.
    doi: 10.1111/cea.13291pmc: PMC7380004pubmed: 30294841google scholar: lookup
  7. Bousquet J, Rabe K, Humbert M, Chung KF, Berger W, Fox H, Ayre G, Chen H, Thomas K, Blogg M, Holgate S. Predicting and evaluating response to omalizumab in patients with severe allergic asthma.. Respir Med 2007 Jul;101(7):1483-92.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.01.011pubmed: 17339107google scholar: lookup
  8. Finkelman FD, Katona IM, Urban JF Jr, Holmes J, Ohara J, Tung AS, Sample JV, Paul WE. IL-4 is required to generate and sustain in vivo IgE responses.. J Immunol 1988 Oct 1;141(7):2335-41.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.141.7.2335pubmed: 2459206google scholar: lookup
  9. Lebman DA, Coffman RL. Interleukin 4 causes isotype switching to IgE in T cell-stimulated clonal B cell cultures.. J Exp Med 1988 Sep 1;168(3):853-62.
    doi: 10.1084/jem.168.3.853pmc: PMC2189023pubmed: 3049907google scholar: lookup
  10. Punnonen J, Aversa G, Cocks BG, McKenzie AN, Menon S, Zurawski G, de Waal Malefyt R, de Vries JE. Interleukin 13 induces interleukin 4-independent IgG4 and IgE synthesis and CD23 expression by human B cells.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3730-4.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.8.3730pmc: PMC46375pubmed: 8097323google scholar: lookup
  11. Wagner B, Siebenkotten G, Radbruch A, Leibold W. Nucleotide sequence and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the equine Cvarepsilon gene.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001 Oct;82(3-4):193-202.
    doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00355-5pubmed: 11587734google scholar: lookup
  12. Looney TJ, Lee JY, Roskin KM, Hoh RA, King J, Glanville J, Liu Y, Pham TD, Dekker CL, Davis MM, Boyd SD. Human B-cell isotype switching origins of IgE.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016 Feb;137(2):579-586.e7.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.014pmc: PMC4747810pubmed: 26309181google scholar: lookup
  13. Erazo A, Kutchukhidze N, Leung M, Christ AP, Urban JF Jr, Curotto de Lafaille MA, Lafaille JJ. Unique maturation program of the IgE response in vivo.. Immunity 2007 Feb;26(2):191-203.
    doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.12.006pmc: PMC1892589pubmed: 17292640google scholar: lookup
  14. Yang Z, Robinson MJ, Chen X, Smith GA, Taunton J, Liu W, Allen CD. Regulation of B cell fate by chronic activity of the IgE B cell receptor.. Elife 2016 Dec 9;5.
    doi: 10.7554/eLife.21238pmc: PMC5207771pubmed: 27935477google scholar: lookup
  15. Croote D, Darmanis S, Nadeau KC, Quake SR. High-affinity allergen-specific human antibodies cloned from single IgE B cell transcriptomes.. Science 2018 Dec 14;362(6420):1306-1309.
    doi: 10.1126/science.aa▙pubmed: 30545888google scholar: lookup
  16. Nutt SL, Hodgkin PD, Tarlinton DM, Corcoran LM. The generation of antibody-secreting plasma cells.. Nat Rev Immunol 2015 Mar;15(3):160-71.
    doi: 10.1038/nri3795pubmed: 25698678google scholar: lookup
  17. Simonin EM, Babasyan S, Wagner B. Peripheral CD23(hi)/IgE(+) Plasmablasts Secrete IgE and Correlate with Allergic Disease Severity.. J Immunol 2022 Aug 15;209(4):665-674.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101081pubmed: 35896336google scholar: lookup
  18. Larson EM, Wagner B. Viral infection and allergy - What equine immune responses can tell us about disease severity and protection.. Mol Immunol 2021 Jul;135:329-341.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.013pubmed: 33975251google scholar: lookup
  19. Wagner B, Miller WH, Morgan EE, Hillegas JM, Erb HN, Leibold W, Antczak DF. IgE and IgG antibodies in skin allergy of the horse.. Vet Res 2006 Nov-Dec;37(6):813-25.
    doi: 10.1051/vetres:2006039pubmed: 16973120google scholar: lookup
  20. Anderson GS, Belton P, Kleider N. Hypersensitivity of horses in British Columbia to extracts of native and exotic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).. J Med Entomol 1993 Jul;30(4):657-63.
    doi: 10.1093/jmedent/30.4.657pubmed: 8360890google scholar: lookup
  21. Braverman Y. Preferred landing sites of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on a horse in Israel and its relevance to summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis (sweet itch).. Equine Vet J 1988 Nov;20(6):426-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01566.xpubmed: 3215168google scholar: lookup
  22. Greiner EC, Fadok VA, Rabin EB. Equine Culicoides hypersensitivity in Florida: biting midges aspirated from horses.. Med Vet Entomol 1990 Oct;4(4):375-81.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00454.xpubmed: 2133005google scholar: lookup
  23. Larsen HJ, Bakke SH, Mehl R. Intradermal challenge of Icelandic horses in Norway and Iceland with extracts of Culicoides spp.. Acta Vet Scand 1988;29(3-4):311-4.
    doi: 10.1186/BF03548623pmc: PMC8161629pubmed: 3256230google scholar: lookup
  24. Steinman A, Peer G, Klement E. Epidemiological study of Culicoides hypersensitivity in horses in Israel.. Vet Rec 2003 Jun 14;152(24):748-51.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.152.24.748pubmed: 12833935google scholar: lookup
  25. Wagner B, Childs BA, Erb HN. A histamine release assay to identify sensitization to Culicoides allergens in horses with skin hypersensitivity.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008 Dec 15;126(3-4):302-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.001pubmed: 18926574google scholar: lookup
  26. van der Meide NM, Roders N, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, Schaap PJ, van Oers MM, Leibold W, Savelkoul HF, Tijhaar E. Cloning and expression of candidate allergens from Culicoides obsoletus for diagnosis of insect bite hypersensitivity in horses.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013 Jun 15;153(3-4):227-39.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.03.005pubmed: 23561552google scholar: lookup
  27. Schaffartzik A, Marti E, Torsteinsdottir S, Mellor PS, Crameri R, Rhyner C. Selective cloning, characterization, and production of the Culicoides nubeculosus salivary gland allergen repertoire associated with equine insect bite hypersensitivity.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011 Feb 15;139(2-4):200-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.10.015pubmed: 21071100google scholar: lookup
  28. Wagner B, Miller WH Jr, Erb HN, Lunn DP, Antczak DF. Sensitization of skin mast cells with IgE antibodies to Culicoides allergens occurs frequently in clinically healthy horses.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009 Nov 15;132(1):53-61.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.09.015pubmed: 19836083google scholar: lookup
  29. Miller JE, Mann S, Fettelschoss-Gabriel A, Wagner B. Comparison of three clinical scoring systems for Culicoides hypersensitivity in a herd of Icelandic horses.. Vet Dermatol 2019 Dec;30(6):536-e163.
    doi: 10.1111/vde.12784pubmed: 31441172google scholar: lookup
  30. Raza F, Ivanek R, Freer H, Reiche D, Rose H, Torsteinsdóttir S, Svansson V, Björnsdóttir S, Wagner B. Cul o 2 specific IgG3/5 antibodies predicted Culicoides hypersensitivity in a group imported Icelandic horses.. BMC Vet Res 2020 Aug 10;16(1):283.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02499-wpmc: PMC7418374pubmed: 32778104google scholar: lookup
  31. Wagner B, Radbruch A, Rohwer J, Leibold W. Monoclonal anti-equine IgE antibodies with specificity for different epitopes on the immunoglobulin heavy chain of native IgE.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003 Mar 20;92(1-2):45-60.
    doi: 10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00007-2pubmed: 12628763google scholar: lookup
  32. Wagner B, Hillegas JM, Babasyan S. Monoclonal antibodies to equine CD23 identify the low-affinity receptor for IgE on subpopulations of IgM+ and IgG1+ B-cells in horses.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012 Apr 15;146(2):125-34.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.02.007pubmed: 22405681google scholar: lookup
  33. Sheoran AS, Lunn DP, Holmes MA. Monoclonal antibodies to subclass-specific antigenic determinants on equine immunoglobulin gamma chains and their characterization.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998 Mar 31;62(2):153-65.
    doi: 10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00162-1pubmed: 9638859google scholar: lookup
  34. Larson EM, Babasyan S, Wagner B. Phenotype and function of IgE-binding monocytes in equine Culicoides hypersensitivity.. PLoS One 2020;15(5):e0233537.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233537pmc: PMC7244122pubmed: 32442209google scholar: lookup
  35. Eckl-Dorna J, Pree I, Reisinger J, Marth K, Chen KW, Vrtala S, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Niederberger V. The majority of allergen-specific IgE in the blood of allergic patients does not originate from blood-derived B cells or plasma cells.. Clin Exp Allergy 2012 Sep;42(9):1347-55.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04030.xpubmed: 22925321google scholar: lookup
  36. Davis EC, Jackson CM, Ting T, Harizaj A, Järvinen KM. Predictors and biomarkers of food allergy and sensitization in early childhood.. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022 Sep;129(3):292-300.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.04.025pubmed: 35490857google scholar: lookup
  37. Uzzan M, Martin JC, Mesin L, Livanos AE, Castro-Dopico T, Huang R, Petralia F, Magri G, Kumar S, Zhao Q, Rosenstein AK, Tokuyama M, Sharma K, Ungaro R, Kosoy R, Jha D, Fischer J, Singh H, Keir ME, Ramamoorthi N, O'Gorman WE, Cohen BL, Rahman A, Cossarini F, Seki A, Leyre L, Vaquero ST, Gurunathan S, Grasset EK, Losic B, Dubinsky M, Greenstein AJ, Gottlieb Z, Legnani P, George J, Irizar H, Stojmirovic A, Brodmerkel C, Kasarkis A, Sands BE, Furtado G, Lira SA, Tuong ZK, Ko HM, Cerutti A, Elson CO, Clatworthy MR, Merad M, Suárez-Fariñas M, Argmann C, Hackney JA, Victora GD, Randolph GJ, Kenigsberg E, Colombel JF, Mehandru S. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by a plasmablast-skewed humoral response associated with disease activity.. Nat Med 2022 Apr;28(4):766-779.
    doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01680-ypmc: PMC9107072pubmed: 35190725google scholar: lookup
  38. de Weger LA, Beerthuizen T, Gast-Strookman JM, van der Plas DT, Terreehorst I, Hiemstra PS, Sont JK. Difference in symptom severity between early and late grass pollen season in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.. Clin Transl Allergy 2011 Dec 21;1(1):18.
    doi: 10.1186/2045-7022-1-18pmc: PMC3339365pubmed: 22410160google scholar: lookup
  39. de Weger LA, Hiemstra PS, Op den Buysch E, van Vliet AJ. Spatiotemporal monitoring of allergic rhinitis symptoms in The Netherlands using citizen science.. Allergy 2014 Aug;69(8):1085-91.
    doi: 10.1111/all.12433pubmed: 24888457google scholar: lookup
  40. Lo F, Bitz CM, Battisti DS, Hess JJ. Pollen calendars and maps of allergenic pollen in North America.. Aerobiologia (Bologna) 2019;35(4):613-633.
    doi: 10.1007/s10453-019-09601-2pmc: PMC6934246pubmed: 31929678google scholar: lookup
  41. Berkowska MA, Heeringa JJ, Hajdarbegovic E, van der Burg M, Thio HB, van Hagen PM, Boon L, Orfao A, van Dongen JJ, van Zelm MC. Human IgE(+) B cells are derived from T cell-dependent and T cell-independent pathways.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014 Sep;134(3):688-697.e6.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.036pubmed: 24835500google scholar: lookup
  42. Jiménez-Saiz R, Ellenbogen Y, Bruton K, Spill P, Sommer DD, Lima H, Waserman S, Patil SU, Shreffler WG, Jordana M. Human BCR analysis of single-sorted, putative IgE(+) memory B cells in food allergy.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019 Jul;144(1):336-339.e6.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.04.001pmc: PMC7010227pubmed: 30959060google scholar: lookup
  43. Ramadani F, Upton N, Hobson P, Chan YC, Mzinza D, Bowen H, Kerridge C, Sutton BJ, Fear DJ, Gould HJ. Intrinsic properties of germinal center-derived B cells promote their enhanced class switching to IgE.. Allergy 2015 Oct;70(10):1269-77.
    doi: 10.1111/all.12679pmc: PMC4744720pubmed: 26109279google scholar: lookup
  44. Heeringa JJ, Rijvers L, Arends NJ, Driessen GJ, Pasmans SG, van Dongen JJM, de Jongste JC, van Zelm MC. IgE-expressing memory B cells and plasmablasts are increased in blood of children with asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis.. Allergy 2018 Jun;73(6):1331-1336.
    doi: 10.1111/all.13421pubmed: 29380876google scholar: lookup
  45. Horohov DW. The equine immune responses to infectious and allergic disease: a model for humans?. Mol Immunol 2015 Jul;66(1):89-96.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.020pubmed: 25457878google scholar: lookup
  46. Eckl-Dorna J, Villazala-Merino S, Campion NJ, Byazrova M, Filatov A, Kudlay D, Karsonova A, Riabova K, Khaitov M, Karaulov A, Niederberger-Leppin V, Valenta R. Tracing IgE-Producing Cells in Allergic Patients.. Cells 2019 Aug 28;8(9).
    doi: 10.3390/cells8090994pmc: PMC6769703pubmed: 31466324google scholar: lookup
  47. Matsuoka M, Yoshida K, Maeda T, Usuda S, Sakano H. Switch circular DNA formed in cytokine-treated mouse splenocytes: evidence for intramolecular DNA deletion in immunoglobulin class switching.. Cell 1990 Jul 13;62(1):135-42.
    doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90247-Cpubmed: 2114219google scholar: lookup
  48. Saunders SP, Ma EGM, Aranda CJ, Curotto de Lafaille MA. Non-classical B Cell Memory of Allergic IgE Responses.. Front Immunol 2019;10:715.
    pmc: PMC6498404pubmed: 31105687doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00715google scholar: lookup
  49. Xiong H, Dolpady J, Wabl M, Curotto de Lafaille MA, Lafaille JJ. Sequential class switching is required for the generation of high affinity IgE antibodies.. J Exp Med 2012 Feb 13;209(2):353-64.
    doi: 10.1084/jem.20111941pmc: PMC3280879pubmed: 22249450google scholar: lookup
  50. He JS, Meyer-Hermann M, Xiangying D, Zuan LY, Jones LA, Ramakrishna L, de Vries VC, Dolpady J, Aina H, Joseph S, Narayanan S, Subramaniam S, Puthia M, Wong G, Xiong H, Poidinger M, Urban JF, Lafaille JJ, Curotto de Lafaille MA. The distinctive germinal center phase of IgE+ B lymphocytes limits their contribution to the classical memory response.. J Exp Med 2013 Nov 18;210(12):2755-71.
    doi: 10.1084/jem.20131539pmc: PMC3832920pubmed: 24218137google scholar: lookup
  51. Hoof I, Schulten V, Layhadi JA, Stranzl T, Christensen LH, Herrera de la Mata S, Seumois G, Vijayanand P, Lundegaard C, Niss K, Lund A, Ahrenfeldt J, Holm J, Steveling E, Sharif H, Durham SR, Peters B, Shamji MH, Andersen PS. Allergen-specific IgG(+) memory B cells are temporally linked to IgE memory responses.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020 Jul;146(1):180-191.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.046pmc: PMC7860973pubmed: 31883847google scholar: lookup
  52. Vijay R, Guthmiller JJ, Sturtz AJ, Surette FA, Rogers KJ, Sompallae RR, Li F, Pope RL, Chan JA, de Labastida Rivera F, Andrew D, Webb L, Maury WJ, Xue HH, Engwerda CR, McCarthy JS, Boyle MJ, Butler NS. Infection-induced plasmablasts are a nutrient sink that impairs humoral immunity to malaria.. Nat Immunol 2020 Jul;21(7):790-801.
    doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0678-5pmc: PMC7316608pubmed: 32424361google scholar: lookup
  53. Glaros V, Rauschmeier R, Artemov AV, Reinhardt A, Ols S, Emmanouilidi A, Gustafsson C, You Y, Mirabello C, Björklund ÅK, Perez L, King NP, Månsson R, Angeletti D, Loré K, Adameyko I, Busslinger M, Kreslavsky T. Limited access to antigen drives generation of early B cell memory while restraining the plasmablast response.. Immunity 2021 Sep 14;54(9):2005-2023.e10.
    doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.017pmc: PMC7612941pubmed: 34525339google scholar: lookup
  54. Manz RA, Thiel A, Radbruch A. Lifetime of plasma cells in the bone marrow.. Nature 1997 Jul 10;388(6638):133-4.
    doi: 10.1038/40540pubmed: 9217150google scholar: lookup
  55. Kabashima K, Haynes NM, Xu Y, Nutt SL, Allende ML, Proia RL, Cyster JG. Plasma cell S1P1 expression determines secondary lymphoid organ retention versus bone marrow tropism.. J Exp Med 2006 Nov 27;203(12):2683-90.
    doi: 10.1084/jem.20061289pmc: PMC2118149pubmed: 17101733google scholar: lookup
  56. Gevaert P, Nouri-Aria KT, Wu H, Harper CE, Takhar P, Fear DJ, Acke F, De Ruyck N, Banfield G, Kariyawasam HH, Bachert C, Durham SR, Gould HJ. Local receptor revision and class switching to IgE in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.. Allergy 2013 Jan;68(1):55-63.
    doi: 10.1111/all.12054pubmed: 23157682google scholar: lookup
  57. Testera-Montes A, Palomares F, Jurado-Escobar R, Fernandez-Santamaria R, Ariza A, Verge J, Salas M, Campo P, Mayorga C, Torres MJ, Rondon C, Eguiluz-Gracia I. Sequential class switch recombination to IgE and allergen-induced accumulation of IgE(+) plasmablasts occur in the nasal mucosa of local allergic rhinitis patients.. Allergy 2022 Sep;77(9):2712-2724.
    doi: 10.1111/all.15292pubmed: 35340036google scholar: lookup
  58. Fink K. Origin and Function of Circulating Plasmablasts during Acute Viral Infections.. Front Immunol 2012;3:78.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00078pmc: PMC3341968pubmed: 22566959google scholar: lookup
  59. Jacobi AM, Mei H, Hoyer BF, Mumtaz IM, Thiele K, Radbruch A, Burmester GR, Hiepe F, Dörner T. HLA-DRhigh/CD27high plasmablasts indicate active disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.. Ann Rheum Dis 2010 Jan;69(1):305-8.
    doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.096495pubmed: 19196727google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Simonin EM, Torsteinsdóttir S, Svansson V, Björnsdóttir S, Freer H, Tarsillo J, Wagner B. Early allergen introduction overrides allergy predisposition in offspring of horses with Culicoides hypersensitivity. Front Immunol 2025;16:1654693.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1654693pubmed: 41194920google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.