FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Immunol Immunopathol / IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in pulmonary lympho...
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2004; 97(1-2); 87-96; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.08.013

IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in pulmonary lymphocytes in equine heaves.

Abstract: Heaves is a common condition of horses of cold climate that is characterized by small airway inflammation and obstruction following exposure of susceptible horses to moldy hay and straw. It has been shown that helper T lymphocytes (Th) orchestrate the inflammatory response in asthma and in various animal models of allergic lung diseases by the release of Th2-type cytokines. Results of previous studies indicate that a predominant expression of Th2-type response by airway cells may also be present in heaves. To evaluate the temporal mRNA expression of Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) type cytokines in heaves and their relationship to clinical disease, we studied the pulmonary mechanics and cytokine mRNA expression (IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma) in bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes of horses with heaves (n=6) and control (n=6) before and after 24h and 9 days of continuous natural inhalation challenge. Starting 24h after challenge horses with heaves, but not control horses, had a significant increase in pulmonary elastance and the number of lymphocytes expressing mRNA for IL-4 and IL-5. These changes were further increased at 9 days, at which time the number of cells positive for IFN-gamma mRNA was decreased. In this study we have shown that BAL lymphocytes of horses with heaves during clinical exacerbation have a predominant Th2-type cytokine response and that this response coincides in time with the presence of airway obstruction.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2004-01-01 PubMed ID: 14700540DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.08.013Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses a study on the role of certain immune system cells (helper T lymphocytes) and their related proteins (cytokines) in heaves, a common lung disease in horses similar to asthma in humans. The researchers studied how these cells and proteins behave during the progression of the disease after exposure to triggering substances such as moldy hay.

Background

  • Heaves is a chronic respiratory disease in horses, prevalent in colder climates, typically triggered by exposure to moldy hay or straw.
  • The disease is characterized by small airway inflammation and obstruction.
  • Previous research suggests that helper T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, play a significant role in the inflammation and disease progression seen in heaves.
  • These cells function by releasing proteins called cytokines, most notably Th2-type cytokines such as IL-4 (Interleukin 4) and IL-5 (Interleukin 5), that mediate immune response and inflammation.

Study Design and Methodology

  • The researchers looked at the patterns of cytokine expression in horses with heaves to see how it affects disease progression.
  • The specific cytokines studied include Th1-type cytokine (IFN-gamma) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5).
  • The study analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage (a method of obtaining cells from airways and lung tissues) lymphocytes of six horses with heaves and six control horses.
  • They examined these cells before and after 24 hours and 9 days of continuous exposure to the substances triggering heaves.

Results

  • Starting 24 hours after exposure, horses with heaves showed a significant increase in pulmonary elastance (resistance to lung expansion) as well as an increase in the number of immune cells expressing mRNA for IL-4 and IL-5.
  • The control horses, however, showed no such changes.
  • These changes in the horses with heaves were further increased at the 9-day mark, and there was a decrease in the number of cells positive for IFN-gamma mRNA, another type of immune signalling protein.

Conclusion

  • The study suggests a predominant Th2-type cytokine response in horses with heaves during clinical exacerbation.
  • This immune response coincides with the presence of airway obstruction, indicating a possible link between the inflammatory response and the physical symptoms of the disease.

The findings from this study provide a better understanding of the immune response in horses with heaves, potentially leading to improved therapeutic strategies to combat this debilitating disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Cordeau ME, Joubert P, Dewachi O, Hamid Q, Lavoie JP. (2004). IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in pulmonary lymphocytes in equine heaves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 97(1-2), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.08.013

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 0165-2427
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 97
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 87-96

Researcher Affiliations

Cordeau, Marie-Eve
  • Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Que., Canada J2S 7C6.
Joubert, Philippe
    Dewachi, Oday
      Hamid, Qutayba
        Lavoie, Jean-Pierre

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
          • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / immunology
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / genetics
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horse Diseases / metabolism
          • Horses
          • In Situ Hybridization / veterinary
          • Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
          • Interferon-gamma / genetics
          • Interferon-gamma / immunology
          • Interleukin-4 / biosynthesis
          • Interleukin-4 / genetics
          • Interleukin-4 / immunology
          • Interleukin-5 / biosynthesis
          • Interleukin-5 / genetics
          • Interleukin-5 / immunology
          • Lung Diseases, Obstructive / genetics
          • Lung Diseases, Obstructive / immunology
          • Lung Diseases, Obstructive / metabolism
          • Lung Diseases, Obstructive / veterinary
          • Male
          • RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
          • RNA, Messenger / blood
          • RNA, Messenger / genetics
          • Respiratory Function Tests / veterinary
          • Respiratory Hypersensitivity / genetics
          • Respiratory Hypersensitivity / immunology
          • Respiratory Hypersensitivity / metabolism
          • Respiratory Hypersensitivity / veterinary
          • Statistics, Nonparametric

          Citations

          This article has been cited 29 times.
          1. Klier J, Fuchs S, Winter G, Gehlen H. Inhalative Nanoparticulate CpG Immunotherapy in Severe Equine Asthma: An Innovative Therapeutic Concept and Potential Animal Model for Human Asthma Treatment.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Aug 16;12(16).
            doi: 10.3390/ani12162087pubmed: 36009677google scholar: lookup
          2. Janssen P, Tosi I, Hego A, Maréchal P, Marichal T, Radermecker C. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Found in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids of Horses With Severe Asthma and Correlate With Asthma Severity.. Front Immunol 2022;13:921077.
            doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921077pubmed: 35911691google scholar: lookup
          3. Gressler AE, Lübke S, Wagner B, Arnold C, Lohmann KL, Schnabel CL. Comprehensive Flow Cytometric Characterization of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Indicates Comparable Phenotypes Between Asthmatic and Healthy Horses But Functional Lymphocyte Differences.. Front Immunol 2022;13:896255.
            doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896255pubmed: 35874777google scholar: lookup
          4. Basano I, Romolo A, Iamone G, Memoli G, Riccio B, Lavoie JP, Miniscalco B, Bullone M. Giant Multinucleated Cells Are Associated with Mastocytic Inflammatory Signature Equine Asthma.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 20;12(9).
            doi: 10.3390/ani12091070pubmed: 35565497google scholar: lookup
          5. Simões J, Batista M, Tilley P. The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 16;12(6).
            doi: 10.3390/ani12060744pubmed: 35327141google scholar: lookup
          6. Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Alberti E, Conturba B, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 13;11(7).
            doi: 10.3390/ani11072086pubmed: 34359214google scholar: lookup
          7. Morini M, Peli A, Rinnovati R, Magazzù G, Romagnoli N, Spadari A, Pietra M. Immunohistochemical Expression of Neurokinin-A and Interleukin-8 in the Bronchial Epithelium of Horses with Severe Equine Asthma Syndrome during Asymptomatic, Exacerbation, and Remission Phase.. Animals (Basel) 2021 May 12;11(5).
            doi: 10.3390/ani11051376pubmed: 34066204google scholar: lookup
          8. Slowikowska M, Bajzert J, Miller J, Stefaniak T, Niedzwiedz A. The Dynamics of Circulating Immune Complexes in Horses with Severe Equine Asthma.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Apr 2;11(4).
            doi: 10.3390/ani11041001pubmed: 33918401google scholar: lookup
          9. Hulliger MF, Pacholewska A, Vargas A, Lavoie JP, Leeb T, Gerber V, Jagannathan V. An Integrative miRNA-mRNA Expression Analysis Reveals Striking Transcriptomic Similarities between Severe Equine Asthma and Specific Asthma Endotypes in Humans.. Genes (Basel) 2020 Sep 28;11(10).
            doi: 10.3390/genes11101143pubmed: 32998415google scholar: lookup
          10. Couetil L, Cardwell JM, Leguillette R, Mazan M, Richard E, Bienzle D, Bullone M, Gerber V, Ivester K, Lavoie JP, Martin J, Moran G, Niedźwiedź A, Pusterla N, Swiderski C. Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:450.
            doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00450pubmed: 32903600google scholar: lookup
          11. Sheats MK, Davis KU, Poole JA. Comparative Review of Asthma in Farmers and Horses.. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019 Oct 10;19(11):50.
            doi: 10.1007/s11882-019-0882-2pubmed: 31599358google scholar: lookup
          12. Saini S, Singha H, Siwach P, Tripathi BN. Recombinant horse interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 induced a mixed inflammatory cytokine response in horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells.. Vet World 2019;12(4):496-503.
            doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.496-503pubmed: 31190704google scholar: lookup
          13. Klier J, Bartl C, Geuder S, Geh KJ, Reese S, Goehring LS, Winter G, Gehlen H. Immunomodulatory asthma therapy in the equine animal model: A dose-response study and evaluation of a long-term effect.. Immun Inflamm Dis 2019 Sep;7(3):130-149.
            doi: 10.1002/iid3.252pubmed: 31141308google scholar: lookup
          14. Orard M, Hue E, Couroucé A, Bizon-Mercier C, Toquet MP, Moore-Colyer M, Couëtil L, Pronost S, Paillot R, Demoor M, Richard EA. The influence of hay steaming on clinical signs and airway immune response in severe asthmatic horses.. BMC Vet Res 2018 Nov 15;14(1):345.
            doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1636-4pubmed: 30442129google scholar: lookup
          15. Tessier L, Côté O, Clark ME, Viel L, Diaz-Méndez A, Anders S, Bienzle D. Gene set enrichment analysis of the bronchial epithelium implicates contribution of cell cycle and tissue repair processes in equine asthma.. Sci Rep 2018 Nov 6;8(1):16408.
            doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34636-9pubmed: 30401798google scholar: lookup
          16. Mainguy-Seers S, Picotte K, Lavoie JP. Efficacy of tamoxifen for the treatment of severe equine asthma.. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Sep;32(5):1748-1753.
            doi: 10.1111/jvim.15289pubmed: 30084157google scholar: lookup
          17. Rosenberg HF, Druey KM. Modeling asthma: Pitfalls, promises, and the road ahead.. J Leukoc Biol 2018 Jul;104(1):41-48.
            doi: 10.1002/JLB.3MR1117-436Rpubmed: 29451705google scholar: lookup
          18. Bullone M, Lavoie JP. The Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Inflamm-Aging in Human and Equine Asthma.. Int J Mol Sci 2017 Dec 5;18(12).
            doi: 10.3390/ijms18122612pubmed: 29206130google scholar: lookup
          19. Klier J, Geis S, Steuer J, Geh K, Reese S, Fuchs S, Mueller RS, Winter G, Gehlen H. A comparison of nanoparticullate CpG immunotherapy with and without allergens in spontaneously equine asthma-affected horses, an animal model.. Immun Inflamm Dis 2018 Mar;6(1):81-96.
            doi: 10.1002/iid3.198pubmed: 29094511google scholar: lookup
          20. Moreau E, Meurens F. Interleukins and large domestic animals, a bibliometric analysis.. Heliyon 2017 Jun;3(6):e00321.
            doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00321pubmed: 28653038google scholar: lookup
          21. Barton AK, Gehlen H. Pulmonary Remodeling in Equine Asthma: What Do We Know about Mediators of Inflammation in the Horse?. Mediators Inflamm 2016;2016:5693205.
            doi: 10.1155/2016/5693205pubmed: 28053371google scholar: lookup
          22. Korn A, Miller D, Dong L, Buckles EL, Wagner B, Ainsworth DM. Differential Gene Expression Profiles and Selected Cytokine Protein Analysis of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes of Horses with Chronic Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) Support an Interleukin-17 Immune Response.. PLoS One 2015;10(11):e0142622.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142622pubmed: 26561853google scholar: lookup
          23. Pacholewska A, Jagannathan V, Drögemüller M, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Lanz S, Hamza E, Dermitzakis ET, Marti E, Leeb T, Gerber V. Impaired Cell Cycle Regulation in a Natural Equine Model of Asthma.. PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0136103.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136103pubmed: 26292153google scholar: lookup
          24. Sandersen C, Bienzle D, Cerri S, Franck T, Derochette S, Neven P, Mouytis-Mickalad A, Serteyn D. Effect of inhaled hydrosoluble curcumin on inflammatory markers in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of horses with LPS-induced lung neutrophilia.. Multidiscip Respir Med 2015;10(1):16.
            doi: 10.1186/s40248-015-0010-7pubmed: 25908974google scholar: lookup
          25. Sarmiento J, Perez B, Morales N, Henriquez C, Vidal L, Folch H, Galecio JS, Morán G. Apoptotic effects of tamoxifen on leukocytes from horse peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.. Vet Res Commun 2013 Dec;37(4):333-8.
            doi: 10.1007/s11259-013-9571-0pubmed: 23846832google scholar: lookup
          26. Toussaint M, Fievez L, Desmet CJ, Pirottin D, Farnir F, Bureau F, Lekeux P. Increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression in lung cells of horses with recurrent airway obstruction.. BMC Vet Res 2012 May 23;8:64.
            doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-64pubmed: 22621400google scholar: lookup
          27. Racine J, Gerber V, Feutz MM, Riley CP, Adamec J, Swinburne JE, Couetil LL. Comparison of genomic and proteomic data in recurrent airway obstruction affected horses using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis®.. BMC Vet Res 2011 Aug 15;7:48.
            doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-48pubmed: 21843342google scholar: lookup
          28. Moran G, Buechner-Maxwell VA, Folch H, Henriquez C, Galecio JS, Perez B, Carrasco C, Barria M. Increased apoptosis of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in the airways of horses with recurrent airway obstruction.. Vet Res Commun 2011 Oct;35(7):447-56.
            doi: 10.1007/s11259-011-9482-xpubmed: 21594641google scholar: lookup
          29. Pietra M, Peli A, Bonato A, Ducci A, Cinotti S. Equine bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines in the development of recurrent airway obstruction.. Vet Res Commun 2007 Aug;31 Suppl 1:313-6.
            doi: 10.1007/s11259-007-0055-ypubmed: 17682903google scholar: lookup
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.