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Home / Equine Research Bank / Clin Immunol / Immune reconstitution prevents continuous equine infectious ...
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)2001; 101(2); 237-247; doi: 10.1006/clim.2001.5109

Immune reconstitution prevents continuous equine infectious anemia virus replication in an Arabian foal with severe combined immunodeficiency: lessons for control of lentiviruses.

Abstract: Acute infection with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus of horses, results in a persistent high-level viremia in Arabian foals affected with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). This observation argues against the idea that the transient nature of acute lentiviral viremia is solely a function of viral population dynamics. To extend these studies, EIAV-specific immune reconstitution was attempted prior to EIAV challenge in two SCID foals, using adoptively transferred virus-stimulated lymphocytes derived from persistently EIAV-infected half sibling donors. Following transfer, lymphocyte engraftment occurred in one foal, and EIAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as neutralizing antibody activity developed. Following a brief period of plasma viremia in this foal, EIAV replication was controlled and plasma virus could not be detected by RT-PCR or culture. These results provide further direct evidence that a specific immune response is required for termination of plasma viremia in acute lentiviral infections.
Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Publication Date: 2001-10-31 PubMed ID: 11683583PubMed Central: PMC3342689DOI: 10.1006/clim.2001.5109Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study investigates the role of a strong immune response in controlling the replication of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a virus affecting horses, particularly those with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The researchers used virus-stimulated lymphocyte transplants from affected half-sibling donors to build up the immune system in infected foals before exposing them to the virus, with successful reduction in virus replication observed.

Understanding the Study Context

  • The study was conducted in the context of researching the impact of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a type of lentivirus, on Arabian foals with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a genetic disorder that affects the immune system.
  • The researchers questioned the prevailing idea that the temporary nature of acute lentiviral viremia, which is a period when the virus cells are prolific in the blood, is strictly a function of the viral population dynamics.

Methodology of the Research

  • They tried to improve the immune response of two SCID foals to EIAV by adoptively transferring virus-stimulated lymphocytes derived from persistently EIAV-infected half-sibling donors. This is known as immune reconstitution.
  • Lymphocytes are types of white blood cells that play a crucial role in the body’s immune response, and adopting the lymphocytes from a related horse aimed to strengthen the recipient foal’s immune response to the virus.

Findings of the Study

  • In one foal, lymphocyte engraftment, which is the successful transfer and establishment of the lymphocytes, took place. This led to the development of EIAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and neutralizing antibody activity, both important components of a successful immune response.
  • Following a brief period of plasma viremia where the virus was still present in the blood plasma, EIAV replication was under control in this foal, and plasma virus could not be found using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or culture techniques.

Implications of the Study

  • The findings of the study point towards the necessity of a specific immune response for terminating plasma viremia in acute lentiviral infections.
  • This work also indicates that immune reconstitution could potentially be an effective strategy for controlling lentivirus replication, presenting an avenue for further research and practical applications for the treatment of lentiviral infections in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Mealey RH, Fraser DG, Oaks JL, Cantor GH, McGuire TC. (2001). Immune reconstitution prevents continuous equine infectious anemia virus replication in an Arabian foal with severe combined immunodeficiency: lessons for control of lentiviruses. Clin Immunol, 101(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1006/clim.2001.5109

Publication

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
ISSN: 1521-6616
NlmUniqueID: 100883537
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 101
Issue: 2
Pages: 237-247

Researcher Affiliations

Mealey, R H
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA. rhm@vetmed.wsu.edu
Fraser, D G
    Oaks, J L
      Cantor, G H
        McGuire, T C

          MeSH Terms

          • Adoptive Transfer
          • Animals
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horse Diseases / virology
          • Horses
          • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
          • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
          • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / immunology
          • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / veterinary
          • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency / virology
          • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology
          • Virus Replication

          Grant Funding

          • K08 AI001575 / NIAID NIH HHS
          • AI 01575 / NIAID NIH HHS
          • AI 24291 / NIAID NIH HHS
          • AI 44638 / NIAID NIH HHS

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          This article has been cited 17 times.
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