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Virology1998; 245(1); 151-162; doi: 10.1006/viro.1998.9142

Immunization with a recombinant envelope protein (rgp90) of EIAV produces a spectrum of vaccine efficacy ranging from lack of clinical disease to severe enhancement.

Abstract: We have previously reported that immunization of ponies with a baculovirus-expressed recombinant surface unit envelope protein (rgp90) for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) resulted in enhancement of disease symptoms and virus replication in 4 of 4 vaccine recipients subjected to a heterologous virus challenge (rpg90 I vaccine trial) (Wang et al., 1994). To extend these studies of EIAV vaccine enhancement, two additional and independent rgp90 vaccine trials (rgp90 II and rgp90 III) were performed. Combined, a total of 13 ponies were immunized with the rgp90 immunogen using our standard vaccination procedures and challenged with a heterologous strain of EIAV. In contrast to the uniform enhancement observed in the rgp90 I vaccine trial, the severity of clinical symptoms varied markedly among the rgp90 recipients: 5 ponies experienced enhanced disease symptoms, 5 ponies experienced moderate disease symptoms, and 3 ponies remained asymptomatic. Of particular interest, in the 5 ponies with enhanced clinical symptoms was a severe thrombocytopenia (< or = 105,000 platelets/microliter) evident coincident with the first febrile episode following virus challenge. Thrombocytopenia was either absent (7/10 ponies) or substantially delayed (3/10 ponies) in naive control ponies inoculated with the standard EIAVPV challenge. Measurements of virus replication in the challenged vaccine recipients indicated a correlation between the level of viral RNA in plasma and the severity of the disease. Interestingly, an association was not observed between serum antibody reactivity to the vaccine or native viral antigens and the frequency of enhancement. Thus, these observations demonstrate a previously unrecognized complexity of rgp90 vaccine efficacy that has important implications for AIDS vaccine development.
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Publication Date: 1998-06-06 PubMed ID: 9614876DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9142Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research presents a study on vaccine development for Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), focusing on the effects of immunizing ponies with a recombinant surface unit envelope protein (rgp90). However, the intensity of disease symptoms varied among the vaccinated subjects.

Overview of the Research

The study is centered around the immunization of ponies using a recombinant envelope protein (rgp90) for the EIAV. Multiple vaccine trials were conducted, involving a total of 13 ponies following a standard vaccination procedure. The ponies were then challenged with a different strain of EIAV to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine.

Findings and Observations

  • In the first trial (rgp90 I), all vaccinated ponies showed an enhancement of disease symptoms and virus replication.
  • In the subsequent trials (rgp90 II and III), immunization with rgp90 led to a varying severity of clinical symptoms among the ponies: enhanced disease symptoms in 5, moderate symptoms in 5, and no symptoms in 3.
  • Among those with enhanced symptoms, severe thrombocytopenia (a condition characterized by a deficiency of platelets in the blood) was observed. This condition coincided with the first fever episode following the virus challenge.
  • Thrombocytopenia was absent or significantly delayed in the control group, which consisted of ponies inoculated with the standard EIAV challenge.
  • A correlation was found between virus replication levels and the severity of the disease. However, no clear association was found between the immune response to the vaccine or native viral antigens and the frequency of disease enhancement.

Implications of the Research

The study reveals a previously unknown complexity in the efficacy of the rgp90 vaccine. Despite some ponies showing enhanced disease symptoms post-vaccination, others displayed moderate to no symptoms. The findings also suggest that virus replication levels might play a role in the severity of the disease. This could potentially influence aids in vaccine development. The research thus emphasizes the need for further studies to develop more effective vaccination strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Raabe ML, Issel CJ, Cook SJ, Cook RF, Woodson B, Montelaro RC. (1998). Immunization with a recombinant envelope protein (rgp90) of EIAV produces a spectrum of vaccine efficacy ranging from lack of clinical disease to severe enhancement. Virology, 245(1), 151-162. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1998.9142

Publication

Virology
ISSN: 0042-6822
NlmUniqueID: 0110674
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 245
Issue: 1
Pages: 151-162

Researcher Affiliations

Raabe, M L
  • Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
Issel, C J
    Cook, S J
      Cook, R F
        Woodson, B
          Montelaro, R C

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
            • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
            • Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
            • Glycoproteins / genetics
            • Glycoproteins / immunology
            • Immunization
            • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
            • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
            • Recombinant Proteins / immunology
            • Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology
            • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
            • Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology
            • Viral Vaccines / immunology
            • Virus Replication / immunology

            Grant Funding

            • 2R01 CA49296 / NCI NIH HHS
            • 5R01 AI25850 / NIAID NIH HHS
            • 5T32 AIO7487 / NIAID NIH HHS

            Citations

            This article has been cited 20 times.
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            17. Li F, Craigo JK, Howe L, Steckbeck JD, Cook S, Issel C, Montelaro RC. A live attenuated equine infectious anemia virus proviral vaccine with a modified S2 gene provides protection from detectable infection by intravenous virulent virus challenge of experimentally inoculated horses. J Virol 2003 Jul;77(13):7244-53.
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            18. Hammond SA, Li F, McKeon BM Sr, Cook SJ, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Immune responses and viral replication in long-term inapparent carrier ponies inoculated with equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol 2000 Jul;74(13):5968-81.
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