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Immunodiffusion test for serodiagnosing subcutaneous zygomycosis.
Abstract: Culture filtrate antigens of Basidiobolus ranarum and Conidiobolus coronatus were analyzed by immunodiffusion (ID) with homologous rabbit antisera. B. ranarum and C. coronatus were each found to have five specific antigens. Results of tests with heterologous antisera indicated that all of the species shared at least one antigen. ID tests incorporating the specific precipitin bands as references were developed for detection of basidiobolomycosis and conidiobolomycosis. These tests were performed with sera from humans and horses with proven basidiobolomycosis and conidiobolomycosis as well as with control sera from humans and animals with and without heterologous mycotic and oomycotic infections. Only sera from cases of basidiobolomycosis and conidiobolomycosis produced lines of identity with the reference precipitates of B. ranarum and C. coronatus, respectively. The ID tests were found to be completely sensitive and specific for determining the etiology of zygomycosis caused by these two species. In addition they appeared useful for monitoring resolution of the infections.
Publication Date: 1990-09-01 PubMed ID: 2121787PubMed Central: PMC268072DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.9.1887-1890.1990Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research evaluates an immunodiffusion test for diagnosing subcutaneous zygomycosis, a fungal infection. It was found that the test, based on mushroom-derived antigens and tested on rabbit antibodies, shared common antigen across B. ranarum and C. coronatus species; serving as a sensitive and specific method for identifying the type of zygomycosis and monitoring the treatment response.
Antigen Analysis and Identification
- The first step of the research was to investigate the antigens using culture filtrates from B. ranarum and C. coronatus.
- With the application of immunodiffusion (an analysis method based on the diffusion and reaction of antigens and antibodies), they were able to identify five specific antigens for each of the fungi species.
- Another discovery was that all the fungi species under investigation shared at least one common antigen. This commonality was revealed through tests with heterologous antisera, or antisera from other species.
Development of Immunodiffusion Tests
- Immunodiffusion tests were then developed using the identified specific antigens as reference points. The goal was to detect basidiobolomycosis and conidiobolomycosis, the diseases caused by B. ranarum and C. coronatus respectively.
- These tests were carried out using sera (the liquid part of blood without cells and clotting factors) from humans and horses confirmed to have basidiobolomycosis and conidiobolomycosis.
- Control sera were also used from humans and animals both with and without other fungal and oomycotic (caused by water molds) infections.
Validating the Immunodiffusion Tests
- The results showed that only the sera from cases of basidiobolomycosis and conidiobolomycosis produced “lines of identity” with the reference precipitates of B. ranarum and C. coronatus, respectively. Lines of identity in antibody-antigen tests indicate the presence of the specific antigen (and therefore the specific disease).
- The immunodiffusion tests were therefore determined to be completely sensitive and specific for diagnosing zygomycosis caused by these two fungal species.
- Another noteworthy outcome was that the tests appeared useful in monitoring the resolution of the infections and the treatment response.
Cite This Article
APA
Kaufman L, Mendoza L, Standard PG.
(1990).
Immunodiffusion test for serodiagnosing subcutaneous zygomycosis.
J Clin Microbiol, 28(9), 1887-1890.
https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.28.9.1887-1890.1990 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Division of Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Fungal
- Antigens, Fungal / isolation & purification
- Entomophthora / immunology
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Humans
- Immunodiffusion / methods
- Mucormycosis / diagnosis
- Mucormycosis / immunology
- Mucormycosis / veterinary
- Species Specificity
References
This article includes 4 references
- Miller RI, Campbell RS. Immunological studies on equine phycomycosis.. Aust Vet J 1982 Jun;58(6):227-31.
- Yangco BG, Nettlow A, Okafor JI, Park J, Te Strake D. Comparative antigenic studies of species of Basidiobolus and other medically important fungi.. J Clin Microbiol 1986 Apr;23(4):679-82.
- Mendoza L, Alfaro AA. Equine subcutaneous zygomycosis in Costa Rica.. Mykosen 1985 Nov;28(11):545-9.
- Drouhet E, Dupont B. Laboratory and clinical assessment of ketoconazole in deep-seated mycoses.. Am J Med 1983 Jan 24;74(1B):30-47.
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Vilela R, Mendoza L. Human Pathogenic Entomophthorales. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018 Oct;31(4).
- Mendoza L, Vilela R, Voelz K, Ibrahim AS, Voigt K, Lee SC. Human Fungal Pathogens of Mucorales and Entomophthorales. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014 Nov 6;5(4).
- Geramizadeh B, Modjalal M, Nabai S, Banani A, Forootan HR, Hooshdaran F, Hooshdaran F, Sadeghee E, Alborzee A. Gastrointestinal zygomycosis: a report of three cases. Mycopathologia 2007 Jul;164(1):35-8.
- Bigliazzi C, Poletti V, Dell'Amore D, Saragoni L, Colby TV. Disseminated basidiobolomycosis in an immunocompetent woman. J Clin Microbiol 2004 Mar;42(3):1367-9.
- Ramesh A, Deka RC, Vijayaraghavan M, Ray R, Kabra SK, Rakesh K, Manoj K. Entomophthoromycosis of the nose and paranasal sinus. Indian J Pediatr 2000 Apr;67(4):307-10.
- Ribes JA, Vanover-Sams CL, Baker DJ. Zygomycetes in human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000 Apr;13(2):236-301.
- Gugnani HC. A review of zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum. Eur J Epidemiol 1999 Nov;15(10):923-9.
- Guarro J, GenéJ, Stchigel AM. Developments in fungal taxonomy. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999 Jul;12(3):454-500.
- Mendoza L, Kaufman L, Mandy W, Glass R. Serodiagnosis of human and animal pythiosis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1997 Nov;4(6):715-8.
- Imwidthaya P, Srimuang S. Immunodiffusion test for diagnosing basidiobolomycosis. Mycopathologia 1992 Jun;118(3):127-31.
- Mendoza L, Nicholson V, Prescott JF. Immunoblot analysis of the humoral immune response to Pythium insidiosum in horses with pythiosis. J Clin Microbiol 1992 Nov;30(11):2980-3.
- Gugnani HC. Entomophthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus. Eur J Epidemiol 1992 May;8(3):391-6.
- Behera B, Choubey S, Kani MS, Satpathy CK. Rhinofacial Entomophthoromycosis: An Emerging Disease?. Indian J Dermatol 2025 Sep-Oct;70(5):295-299.
- Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Visceral basidiobolomycosis. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2016 Jul-Sep;13(3):158.
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