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Home / Equine Research Bank / Clin Diagn Lab Immunol / Immunoglobulin G subisotype responses of pneumonic and healt...
Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2003; 10(3); 345-351; doi: 10.1128/cdli.10.3.345-351.2003

Immunoglobulin G subisotype responses of pneumonic and healthy, exposed foals and adult horses to Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins.

Abstract: Rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and in immunocompromised humans. Replication of virulent isolates within macrophages correlates with the presence of a large plasmid which encodes a family of seven virulence-associated proteins (VapA and VapC to VapH), whose functions are unknown. Although cell-mediated immunity is thought to be crucial in eliminating R. equi infection, antibody partially protects foals. The antibody response to both VapA and VapC was similar in six adult horses and six naturally exposed but healthy foals, as well as in eight foals with R. equi pneumonia. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) subisotype response of pneumonic foals to Vap proteins was significantly IgGb biased and also had a trend toward higher IgGT association compared to the isotype association of antibody in adult horses and healthy exposed foals. This suggests that in horses, IgGb and IgGT are Th2 isotypes and IgGa is a Th1 isotype. Furthermore, it suggests that foals which develop R. equi pneumonia have a Th2-biased, ineffective immune response whereas foals which become immune develop a Th1-biased immune response. Pneumonic foals had significantly more antibody to VapD and VapE than did healthy exposed foals. This may indicate a difference in the expression of these two Vap proteins during persistent infection. Alternatively, in pneumonic foals the deviation of the immune response toward VapD and VapE may reflect a bias unfavorable to R. equi resistance. These data indicate possible age-related differences in the equine immune response affecting Th1-Th2 bias as well as antibody specificity bias, which together favor the susceptibility of foals to R. equi pneumonia.
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Publication Date: 2003-05-10 PubMed ID: 12738629PubMed Central: PMC154967DOI: 10.1128/cdli.10.3.345-351.2003Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the response of the immune system in horses, specifically foals, to Rhodococcus equi – a cause of serious pneumonia. The study looks at how the body produces specific types of antibodies in response to this infection and how these production patterns may indicate the efficiency of the immune response.

Understanding the Research Context

  • Rhodococcus equi is a bacterium that causes a severe form of pneumonia, notably in foals (young horses) and immunocompromised humans. It survives and replicates within cells called macrophages.
  • The virulence (severity of disease it can cause) of R. equi is associated with a large plasmid – a piece of genetic material – that encodes a family of seven virulence-associated proteins (VapA and VapC to VapH).
  • While it is understood that cell-mediated immunity – immune responses that involve T cells rather than antibodies – play a key role in combating R. equi, it has been observed that antibodies can also provide some protection, particularly in foals.

Key Findings

  • The research found that the antibody response to two types of virulence-associated proteins (VapA and VapC) were similar in both adult horses, healthy foals, and foals with R. equi pneumonia.
  • However, it was noted that the pneumonic foals showed a strong response in producing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, specifically the IgGb subtype, towards the Vap proteins. There was also a slight increase in the connection to the IgGT subtype compared to healthy foals and adult horses. This signpost that in horses, IgGb and IgGT are Th2 isotypes while IgGa is a Th1 isotype, which play different roles in the immune response.
  • Additionally, foals with pneumonia were found to have more antibodies against two other virulence-associated proteins (VapD and VapE) compared to healthy foals. This difference could suggest these proteins are expressed more during chronic infection or that the immune response targeting these proteins is ineffective against R. equi.

Conclusion

  • The findings suggest that foals developing pneumonia show an ineffective Th2-biased immune response, whereas those foals that build immunity exhibit a Th1-biased immune response.
  • The research also hints at the possibility that age plays a role in shaping the immune response in horses, notably that younger horses (foals) may be more susceptible to R. equi pneumonia because of these differences in antibody production and immune response bias.

Cite This Article

APA
Hooper-McGrevy KE, Wilkie BN, Prescott JF. (2003). Immunoglobulin G subisotype responses of pneumonic and healthy, exposed foals and adult horses to Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 10(3), 345-351. https://doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.3.345-351.2003

Publication

Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology
ISSN: 1071-412X
NlmUniqueID: 9421292
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 345-351

Researcher Affiliations

Hooper-McGrevy, Kathleen E
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Wilkie, Bruce N
    Prescott, John F

      MeSH Terms

      • Age Factors
      • Animals
      • Antibody Formation
      • Bacterial Proteins / immunology
      • Horse Diseases / immunology
      • Horses
      • Immunoglobulin G / immunology
      • Immunoglobulin Isotypes / immunology
      • Pneumonia, Bacterial / immunology
      • Pneumonia, Bacterial / veterinary
      • Rhodococcus equi / immunology
      • Rhodococcus equi / pathogenicity
      • Th1 Cells / immunology
      • Th2 Cells / immunology
      • Virulence Factors / immunology

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