Immunohistochemical analysis of an equine model of synovitis-induced arthritis.
Abstract: To use lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to create synovitis in the midcarpal joint of ponies, and to assess the morphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical effects of synovitis on articular cartilage of the third carpal bone. Methods: 2- to 3-year-old ponies, 6 control (group 1) and 6 treated (group 2). Methods: Synovitis was induced in 1 midcarpal joint of group-2 ponies by intra-articular injections of LPS (0.02 micrograms/kg of body weight), morphine (0.1 mg/kg), and saline solution (group 2a) and a morphine and saline solution alone in the contralateral midcarpal joint (group 2b). Articular cartilage sections and attached synovial membrane from the third carpal bones were examined by immunohistochemical distribution of interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF receptors (P55, P75) and 3-B-3(-) epitopes, and by localization of proteoglycans (metachromatic staining). Proteoglycan extracts were assessed by metachromatic staining or western blotting and immunohistochemical staining, using anti-3-B- antibodies. Results: Enhanced immunoreactivity for the cytokines and receptors was found in inflamed synovial membrane and noncalcified cartilage (group 2a more than 2b). Metachromasia of the noncalcified cartilage was greater in group-1 than in group-2a and group-2b specimens. In group 2a, chondrocyte hypertrophy and enhanced immunoreactivity for 3-B-3(-) epitope in areas of increased cytokine immunoreactivity suggested possible phenotypic change of the chondrocytes in response to synovitis. Immunohistochemical analysis by western blotting of proteoglycan extracts indicated strong 3-B-3(-) epitope immunolocalization in group-2a, weaker staining in group-2b, and barely detectable stain in group-1 specimens, which correlated with in situ immunolocalization. Conclusions: Intra-articular administration of LPS may be used to induce a synovial environment conductive to increased immunoreactivity of interleukin 1 beta, TNF-alpha, and its receptors in equine synovial membrane and articular cartilage. These cytokines may be involved in the early phenotypic change of chondrocytes that is believed to occur in osteoarthritis and is characterized in this study by enhanced 3-B-3(-) epitope immunoreactivity and chondrocyte hypertrophy.
Publication Date: 1996-07-01 PubMed ID: 8807026
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research delves into the effects of induced synovitis on ponies’ third carpal bone’s articular cartilage. Synovitis was incited using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and various factors relating to the inflammatory response and cartilage health were assessed, shedding light on the potential role of certain signaling molecules in the early stages of osteoarthritis.
Research Methodology
- The researchers used two groups of ponies aged 2-3 years old; one group served as a control while the other group was treated.
- Synovitis, which is inflammation of the joint lining, was induced in one midcarpal joint of the treated ponies by intra-articular injections containing LPS. The same joint on the other side was injected with only morphine and saline solution for comparison.
- From the third carpal bones, articular cartilage sections and attached synovial membrane were examined for distribution of interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF receptors and 3-B-3(-) epitopes, and by localization of proteoglycans.
Findings
- In the inflamed synovial membrane and noncalcified cartilage, enhanced immunoreactivity for the cytokines and receptors was found.
- The noncalcified cartilage displayed greater metachromasia (color change upon staining) in control group compared to the treated groups.
- In the group with LPS-induced synovitis, there was observed cell enlargement (chondrocyte hypertrophy) and increased immunoreactivity for 3-B-3(-) epitope in the cytokine-affected areas, suggesting a possible phenotypic change in the cartilage cells in response to synovitis.
- Proteoglycan extracts of the joint material revealed strong 3-B-3(-) epitope presence in the LPS-treated group, weaker staining in the saline-treated group, and barely detectable staining in the control group, lining up with direct in situ analysis.
Conclusions
- Administration of LPS in the joint may lead to a synovial environment that increases the immunoreactivity of interleukin 1 beta, TNF-alpha, and its receptors in equine synovial membrane and articular cartilage.
- The involved cytokines might play a role in the early phenotypic change of chondrocytes, a process believed to occur in osteoarthritis and characterized here by enhanced 3-B-3(-) epitope immunoreactivity and cell enlargement.
Cite This Article
APA
Todhunter PG, Kincaid SA, Todhunter RJ, Kammermann JR, Johnstone B, Baird AN, Hanson RR, Wright JM, Lin HC, Purohit RC.
(1996).
Immunohistochemical analysis of an equine model of synovitis-induced arthritis.
Am J Vet Res, 57(7), 1080-1093.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antigens, CD / analysis
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid / chemically induced
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid / pathology
- Blotting, Western
- Carpal Bones
- Cartilage, Articular / immunology
- Cartilage, Articular / pathology
- Epitopes
- Horses
- Hypertrophy
- Immunohistochemistry / methods
- Interleukin-1 / analysis
- Joints / immunology
- Joints / pathology
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / analysis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Synovial Membrane / immunology
- Synovial Membrane / pathology
- Synovitis / immunology
- Synovitis / pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis
Citations
This article has been cited 20 times.- Ask K, Andersen PH, Tamminen LM, Rhodin M, Hernlund E. Performance of four equine pain scales and their association to movement asymmetry in horses with induced orthopedic pain. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:938022.
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