FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Zentralbl Veterinarmed A / Immunohistochemical examination of light-chain expression (l...
Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A1996; 43(9); 573-576; doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00489.x

Immunohistochemical examination of light-chain expression (lambda/kappa ratio) in canine, feline, equine, bovine and porcine plasma cells.

Abstract: Five species of domestic animals were examined immunohistochemically and the light-chain ratios of the immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells analysed. Forty dogs, 11 cats, 10 horses, 11 cattle and 14 pigs were tested using the sequential indirect immunoperoxidase and immunophosphatase methods. Tissues from the tonsils, spleen and cervical lymph nodes were analysed. It could be seen that the lambda/kappa ratio in dogs, cats, horses and cattle is largely dominated by the lambda chains (lambda/kappa ratio in dogs: 91/9%, in cats; 92/8%; in horses: 96/4%; in cattle: 91/9%). A more or less balanced ratio was observed only in the case of the pigs (52/48%).
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1996-11-01 PubMed ID: 8968166DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00489.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper investigates the light-chain ratios of the immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells in five species of domestic animals including dogs, cats, horses, cattle, and pigs. These investigations are executed through immunohistochemical examination.

Research Objective and Methods

  • The study aims to explore the light-chain expression in the immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells of various domestic animals. The specific goal is to determine the lambda/kappa ratio of this expression for different species.
  • The method used for this investigation is immunohistochemical examination. This is a technique that involves using antibodies to detect specific proteins in cells or tissue sections, thus allowing researchers to visually examine and quantify the presence of these proteins.
  • The animals that were included in the study are forty dogs, eleven cats, ten horses, eleven cattle, and fourteen pigs.
  • The researchers applied sequential indirect immunoperoxidase and immunophosphatase methods. These are both staining techniques, employed to determine the presence and distribution of the proteins of interest.
  • The tissues areas analysed were collected from the tonsils, spleen, and cervical lymph nodes of the animals.

Findings and Conclusion

  • In dogs, cats, horses, and cattle, the lambda/kappa ratio was dominated largely by the lambda chains. The lambda/kappa ratio in dogs was 91/9%, in cats; 92/8%; in horses: 96/4%; and in cattle: 91/9%.
  • Conversely, a more balanced ratio was noted in pigs, revealing a lambda/kappa ratio of 52/48%.
  • This indicates a species-difference in the light-chain expression in the subject animals. That is, in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle, the production of lambda chains tended to dominate, whereas in pigs, the production ratio was almost equal.
  • The findings are beneficial in providing insights into the immunological aspects of different species. It highlights potential implications on how each species responds to pathogens and their inherent disease resistance. However, further investigations would be needed to directly assess these aspects.
  • Moreover, the researchers might conduct a follow-up study to explore the reasons behind such variations in light-chain ratio across different species and whether these differences might have effects on these species’ overall health.

Cite This Article

APA
Arun SS, Breuer W, Hermanns W. (1996). Immunohistochemical examination of light-chain expression (lambda/kappa ratio) in canine, feline, equine, bovine and porcine plasma cells. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A, 43(9), 573-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00489.x

Publication

Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A
ISSN: 0514-7158
NlmUniqueID: 0331323
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 43
Issue: 9
Pages: 573-576

Researcher Affiliations

Arun, S S
  • Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Munich, Germany.
Breuer, W
    Hermanns, W

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Cats
      • Cattle
      • Dogs
      • Horses / blood
      • Horses / immunology
      • Immunoglobulin Light Chains / analysis
      • Immunoglobulin Light Chains / blood
      • Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / analysis
      • Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / blood
      • Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains / analysis
      • Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains / blood
      • Immunohistochemistry
      • Lymph Nodes / immunology
      • Palatine Tonsil / immunology
      • Plasma Cells / immunology
      • Spleen / immunology
      • Swine / blood
      • Swine / immunology

      Citations

      This article has been cited 35 times.
      1. Zhou J, Yan GG, Cluckey D, Meade C, Ruth M, Sorm R, Tam AS, Lim S, Petridis C, Lin L, D'Antona AM, Zhong X. Exploring Parametric and Mechanistic Differences between Expi293F(TM) and ExpiCHO-S(TM) Cells for Transient Antibody Production Optimization. Antibodies (Basel) 2023 Aug 10;12(3).
        doi: 10.3390/antib12030053pubmed: 37606437google scholar: lookup
      2. Rosenfeld R, Alcalay R, Zvi A, Ben-David A, Noy-Porat T, Chitlaru T, Epstein E, Israeli O, Lazar S, Caspi N, Barnea A, Dor E, Chomsky I, Pitel S, Makdasi E, Zichel R, Mazor O. Centaur antibodies: Engineered chimeric equine-human recombinant antibodies. Front Immunol 2022;13:942317.
        doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942317pubmed: 36059507google scholar: lookup
      3. Cullen JN, Martin J, Vilella AJ, Treeful A, Sargan D, Bradley A, Friedenberg SG. Development and application of a next-generation sequencing protocol and bioinformatics pipeline for the comprehensive analysis of the canine immunoglobulin repertoire. PLoS One 2022;17(7):e0270710.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270710pubmed: 35802654google scholar: lookup
      4. Gong S, Gautam S, Coneglio JD, Scinto HB, Ruprecht RM. Antibody Light Chains: Key to Increased Monoclonal Antibody Yields in Expi293 Cells?. Antibodies (Basel) 2022 May 18;11(2).
        doi: 10.3390/antib11020037pubmed: 35645210google scholar: lookup
      5. Hay AN, Farrell K, Leeth CM, Lee K. Use of Genome Editing Techniques to Produce Transgenic Farm Animals. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022;1354:279-297.
        doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_14pubmed: 34807447google scholar: lookup
      6. Riondato F, Comazzi S. Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Canine B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:600986.
        doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.600986pubmed: 33869314google scholar: lookup
      7. Harris RA, Miller M, Donaghy D, Ashton L, Langston C, Shockey T, Moore AR. Light chain myeloma and detection of free light chains in serum and urine of dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Mar;35(2):1031-1040.
        doi: 10.1111/jvim.16070pubmed: 33634914google scholar: lookup
      8. Foiani G, Zanardello C, Carminato A, Melchiotti E, Roccabianca P, Tecilla M, Vascellari M. Chromogenic in situ hybridization for the detection of lambda and kappa immunoglobulin light chains as a potential auxiliary diagnostic technique in canine plasmacytomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020 Sep;32(5):675-682.
        doi: 10.1177/1040638720938687pubmed: 32627692google scholar: lookup
      9. Wong J, Tai CM, Hurt AC, Tan HX, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Sequencing B cell receptors from ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). PLoS One 2020;15(5):e0233794.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233794pubmed: 32470013google scholar: lookup
      10. Tallmadge RL, Wang M, Sun Q, Felippe MJB. Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses. PLoS One 2018;13(9):e0202646.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202646pubmed: 30183726google scholar: lookup
      11. Wong A, Cianciolo RE. Comparison of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques using anti-lambda light chain antibodies for identification of immune complex deposits in canine renal biopsies. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018 Sep;30(5):721-727.
        doi: 10.1177/1040638718786340pubmed: 30027830google scholar: lookup
      12. Stanfield RL, Haakenson J, Deiss TC, Criscitiello MF, Wilson IA, Smider VV. The Unusual Genetics and Biochemistry of Bovine Immunoglobulins. Adv Immunol 2018;137:135-164.
        doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.12.004pubmed: 29455846google scholar: lookup
      13. Lee AM, Guppy N, Bainbridge J, Jahns H. Multiple myeloma in an Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). Open Vet J 2017;7(4):300-305.
        doi: 10.4314/ovj.v7i4.2pubmed: 29138744google scholar: lookup
      14. Schwartz JC, Philp RL, Bickhart DM, Smith TPL, Hammond JA. The antibody loci of the domestic goat (Capra hircus). Immunogenetics 2018 May;70(5):317-326.
        doi: 10.1007/s00251-017-1033-3pubmed: 29063126google scholar: lookup
      15. Lu Z, Tallmadge RL, Callaway HM, Felippe MJB, Parker JSL. Sequence analysis of feline immunoglobulin mRNAs and the development of a felinized monoclonal antibody specific to feline panleukopenia virus. Sci Rep 2017 Oct 5;7(1):12713.
        doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12725-5pubmed: 28983085google scholar: lookup
      16. Martin J, Ponstingl H, Lefranc MP, Archer J, Sargan D, Bradley A. Comprehensive annotation and evolutionary insights into the canine (Canis lupus familiaris) antigen receptor loci. Immunogenetics 2018 Apr;70(4):223-236.
        doi: 10.1007/s00251-017-1028-0pubmed: 28924718google scholar: lookup
      17. Seelig DM, Avery AC, Ehrhart EJ, Linden MA. The Comparative Diagnostic Features of Canine and Human Lymphoma. Vet Sci 2016 Jun;3(2).
        doi: 10.3390/vetsci3020011pubmed: 28435836google scholar: lookup
      18. Lee WT, Jones DD, Yates JL, Winslow GM, Davis AD, Rudd RJ, Barron CT, Cowan C. Identification of secreted and membrane-bound bat immunoglobulin using a Microchiropteran-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. Dev Comp Immunol 2016 Dec;65:114-123.
        doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.024pubmed: 27377583google scholar: lookup
      19. Smith K, Shah H, Muther JJ, Duke AL, Haley K, James JA. Antigen nature and complexity influence human antibody light chain usage and specificity. Vaccine 2016 May 27;34(25):2813-20.
        doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.040pubmed: 27113164google scholar: lookup
      20. Igase M, Shimokawa Miyama T, Kambayashi S, Shimoyama Y, Hiraoka H, Hirata Y, Iwata M, Baba K, Mizuno T, Okuda M. Bimodal immunoglobulin A gammopathy in a cat with feline myeloma-related disorders. J Vet Med Sci 2016 May 3;78(4):691-5.
        doi: 10.1292/jvms.15-0156pubmed: 26638898google scholar: lookup
      21. Badial PR, Tallmadge RL, Miller S, Stokol T, Richards K, Borges AS, Felippe MJ. Applied Protein and Molecular Techniques for Characterization of B Cell Neoplasms in Horses. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2015 Nov;22(11):1133-45.
        doi: 10.1128/CVI.00374-15pubmed: 26311245google scholar: lookup
      22. Tallmadge RL, Tseng CT, Felippe MJ. Diversity of immunoglobulin lambda light chain gene usage over developmental stages in the horse. Dev Comp Immunol 2014 Oct;46(2):171-9.
        doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.04.001pubmed: 24726757google scholar: lookup
      23. Matsushita H, Sano A, Wu H, Jiao JA, Kasinathan P, Sullivan EJ, Wang Z, Kuroiwa Y. Triple immunoglobulin gene knockout transchromosomic cattle: bovine lambda cluster deletion and its effect on fully human polyclonal antibody production. PLoS One 2014;9(3):e90383.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090383pubmed: 24603704google scholar: lookup
      24. Sun Y, Liu Z, Ren L, Wei Z, Wang P, Li N, Zhao Y. Immunoglobulin genes and diversity: what we have learned from domestic animals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2012 Jun 20;3(1):18.
        doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-3-18pubmed: 22958617google scholar: lookup
      25. Thomas R, Seiser EL, Motsinger-Reif A, Borst L, Valli VE, Kelley K, Suter SE, Argyle D, Burgess K, Bell J, Lindblad-Toh K, Modiano JF, Breen M. Refining tumor-associated aneuploidy through 'genomic recoding' of recurrent DNA copy number aberrations in 150 canine non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2011 Jul;52(7):1321-35.
        doi: 10.3109/10428194.2011.559802pubmed: 21375435google scholar: lookup
      26. Petavy AF, Hormaeche C, Lahmar S, Ouhelli H, Chabalgoity A, Marchal T, Azzouz S, Schreiber F, Alvite G, Sarciron ME, Maskell D, Esteves A, Bosquet G. An oral recombinant vaccine in dogs against Echinococcus granulosus, the causative agent of human hydatid disease: a pilot study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008 Jan 16;2(1):e125.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000125pubmed: 18235847google scholar: lookup
      27. Popov AV, Zou X, Xian J, Nicholson IC, Brüggemann M. A human immunoglobulin lambda locus is similarly well expressed in mice and humans. J Exp Med 1999 May 17;189(10):1611-20.
        doi: 10.1084/jem.189.10.1611pubmed: 10330440google scholar: lookup
      28. Qiu Y, Lei Y, Yi X, Tang X, Zhang B, Wang S, Sun X. Comparative analysis of the organization and complexity of immunoglobulin light chain loci in equids. J Anim Sci 2026 Jan 8;104.
        doi: 10.1093/jas/skag001pubmed: 41512306google scholar: lookup
      29. Veber A, Lenau D, Gkragkopoulou P, Kornblüh Bauer D, Focken I, Leuschner WD, Beil C, Weil S, Rao E, Langer T. Impact of Light-Chain Variants on the Expression of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in HEK293 and CHO Cells. Antibodies (Basel) 2025 Jun 24;14(3).
        doi: 10.3390/antib14030053pubmed: 40700293google scholar: lookup
      30. Rout ED, Seymour K, Burnett R, Contreras C, Avery AC, Moore AR. Diagnostic Sensitivity of the PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement (PARR) Assay for Canine Plasma Cell Tumors. Vet Clin Pathol 2025 Sep;54(3):281-291.
        doi: 10.1111/vcp.70036pubmed: 40661054google scholar: lookup
      31. Adu OF, Lee H, Früh SP, Schoenle MV, Weichert WS, Flyak AI, Hafenstein SL, Parrish CR. Structures and functions of the limited natural polyclonal antibody response to parvovirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025 Feb 25;122(8):e2423460122.
        doi: 10.1073/pnas.2423460122pubmed: 39951487google scholar: lookup
      32. Shimoya K, Moriwaki T, Kazuki K, Okada A, Baba S, Masuda Y, Abe S, Kazuki Y. Mice carrying the full-length human immunoglobulin loci produce antigen-specific human antibodies with the lambda light chain. iScience 2024 Dec 20;27(12):111258.
        doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111258pubmed: 39758990google scholar: lookup
      33. Li TT, Xia T, Wu JQ, Hong H, Sun ZL, Wang M, Ding FR, Wang J, Jiang S, Li J, Pan J, Yang G, Feng JN, Dai YP, Zhang XM, Zhou T, Li T. De novo genome assembly depicts the immune genomic characteristics of cattle. Nat Commun 2023 Oct 19;14(1):6601.
        doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42161-1pubmed: 37857610google scholar: lookup
      34. Früh SP, Adu OF, López-Astacio RA, Weichert WS, Wasik BR, Parrish CR. Isolation, cloning and analysis of parvovirus-specific canine antibodies from peripheral blood B cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2023 Oct;147:104894.
        doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104894pubmed: 37467826google scholar: lookup
      35. Ramirez Valdez K, Nzau B, Dorey-Robinson D, Jarman M, Nyagwange J, Schwartz JC, Freimanis G, Steyn AW, Warimwe GM, Morrison LJ, Mwangi W, Charleston B, Bonnet-Di Placido M, Hammond JA. A Customizable Suite of Methods to Sequence and Annotate Cattle Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023 Jun 14;11(6).
        doi: 10.3390/vaccines11061099pubmed: 37376488google scholar: lookup
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.