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The Journal of veterinary medical science2020; 82(10); 1502-1505; doi: 10.1292/jvms.20-0172

Immunohistochemical phenotyping of macrophages and T lymphocytes infiltrating in peripheral nerve lesions of dourine-affected horses.

Abstract: Dourine is a deadly protozoan disease in equids caused by infection with Trypanosoma equiperdum. Neurological signs in the later stage of infection may be caused by peripheral polyneuritis and related axonal degeneration. This neuritis involves T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages, and is observed in cases without obvious neurological signs. However, the pathogenesis of neuritis remains unclear. We identified M2 macrophages and CD8 T cells as the predominant phenotypes in neuritis of dourine-affected horses with or without neurological signs. In contrast, the populations of M1 macrophages and CD4 T cells were small. This result indicates that inflammation was chronic and suggests that dourine-associated neuritis occurs at the early stage of infection.
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Publication Date: 2020-08-12 PubMed ID: 32788501PubMed Central: PMC7653314DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0172Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research studies the predominant immune cells involved in nerve damage caused by dourine, a fatal protozoan disease in horses. It revealed that M2 macrophages and CD8 T cells are the principal phenotypes in this condition, irrespective of whether the affected horses displayed neurological signs or not.

Introduction to Dourine and Immune Cell Infiltration

  • Dourine is a severe parasitic disease in horses caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma equiperdum. During the later stages of infection, horses often show neurological symptoms which are thought to result from peripheral polyneuritis, a condition characterized by inflammation and degenerative changes in peripheral nerves.
  • Previous observations recognized that inflammation, characterized by the infiltration of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages, is apparent in the peripheral nerves in dourine cases, even when neurological symptoms are absent.
  • However, the exact process leading to nerve inflammation, or neuritis, was not fully understood.

Identification of Predominant Immune Cells in Neuritis

  • The researchers conducted immunohistochemical phenotyping, a technique used to identify specific cell types based on the presence of certain proteins in the tissues from horses affected by dourine.
  • This analysis determined the types of macrophages (specialized cells involved in the detection and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms) and T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system) infiltrating the peripheral nerve lesions.
  • According to their findings, M2 macrophages and CD8 T cells were the most common cell types in the peripheral nerve lesions, whether or not the horses showed neurological symptoms.
  • In contrast, the number of M1 macrophages (another type of macrophage) and CD4 T cells were significantly smaller.

Interpretation and Implications of the Findings

  • The presence of M2 macrophages and CD8 T cells primarily, as opposed to M1 macrophages and CD4 T cells, indicates that the inflammation from dourine is a chronic condition.
  • Since these cell types are found even in horses without neurological symptoms, it suggests neuritis may occur early in the course of dourine infection.
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of neuritis related to dourine, which could enable the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies to manage or prevent this devastating disease in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Tanaka Y, Adilbish A, Koyama K, Bayasgalan MO, Horiuchi N, Uranbileg N, Watanabe K, Purevdorj B, Gurdorj S, Banzragch B, Badgar B, Suganuma K, Yokoyama N, Inoue N, Kobayashi Y. (2020). Immunohistochemical phenotyping of macrophages and T lymphocytes infiltrating in peripheral nerve lesions of dourine-affected horses. J Vet Med Sci, 82(10), 1502-1505. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.20-0172

Publication

The Journal of veterinary medical science
ISSN: 1347-7439
NlmUniqueID: 9105360
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 82
Issue: 10
Pages: 1502-1505

Researcher Affiliations

Tanaka, Yusuke
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Adilbish, Altanchimeg
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan 17024, Ulaanbaatar 844818, Mongolia.
Koyama, Kenji
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Bayasgalan, Mungun-Ochir
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan 17024, Ulaanbaatar 844818, Mongolia.
Horiuchi, Noriyuki
  • Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Uranbileg, Nyamdolgor
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan 17024, Ulaanbaatar 844818, Mongolia.
Watanabe, Kenichi
  • Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Purevdorj, Baatarjargal
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan 17024, Ulaanbaatar 844818, Mongolia.
Gurdorj, Soyolmaa
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan 17024, Ulaanbaatar 844818, Mongolia.
Banzragch, Battur
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan 17024, Ulaanbaatar 844818, Mongolia.
Badgar, Battsetseg
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan 17024, Ulaanbaatar 844818, Mongolia.
Suganuma, Keisuke
  • Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Yokoyama, Naoaki
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Inoue, Noboru
  • Obihiro University of Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Kobayashi, Yoshiyasu
  • Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Dourine
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Macrophages
  • Peripheral Nerves
  • T-Lymphocytes
  • Trypanosoma

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Tanaka Y, Suganuma K, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y. Pathology of female mice experimentally infected with an in vitro cultured strain of Trypanosoma equiperdum. J Vet Med Sci 2021 Aug 6;83(8):1212-1218.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.21-0056pubmed: 34135196google scholar: lookup
  2. Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Mustofa I, Utomo B, Lestari TD, Utama S, Akintunde AO, Mulyati S, Hernawati T, Dawood AQ, Riady G, Khan IU, Rasad SD, Moses IB. Hidden menace: Understanding the devastating consequences of dourine disease in horses. Open Vet J 2025 Sep;15(9):3931-3942.
    doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.2pubmed: 41200335google scholar: lookup
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