Immunotherapy for pythiosis: Effect on NTPDase activity in lymphocytes of an experimental model.
Abstract: NTPDase (EC 3.6.1.5) occurs in lymphocytes and plays an important role in immune function, in that hydrolyzes extracellular nucleoside tri- and/or diphosphates to form AMP. Pythium insidiosum causes the disease pythiosis, a pyogranulomatous disease of horses, dogs, cattle, cats and humans. Most antifungal drugs are ineffective against this pathogen, and immunotherapy, a treatment approach that relies on the injection of P. insidiosum antigen, has been successfully used in humans and horses to manage this disease. In this study, we investigated NTPDase activity in lymphocytes from rabbits inoculated with zoospores of P. insidiosum. After immunotherapy, we investigated the relationship between enzymatic activity and the pattern of the immune response. One milliliter of zoospores was inoculated subcutaneously into the coastal region of each rabbit. An average of 17,500 viable mobile zoospores/mL of induction medium was administered. Inoculated rabbits were checked weekly, and the subcutaneous nodular area (cm²) was measured 28 days after inoculation. Rabbits that developed lesions received four doses of immunotherapy at intervals of 14 days. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture twice a month for the determination of NTPDase activity. The results demonstrated that NTPDase activity in lymphocytes was increased in relation to ATP hydrolysis (by about 100%) in pythiosis and returned to normal values after immunotherapy. The data demonstrating NTPDase activity before and after immunotherapy reinforce the previously elaborated hypothesis that the change from a Th2 to a Th1 immune response is responsible for the curative properties of immunotherapy.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2010-10-26 PubMed ID: 20970953DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.09.016Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research examines the effect of immunotherapy on NTPDase activity in lymphocytes of rabbits infected with Pythium insidiosum, the cause of a disease known as pythiosis. The study finds that NTPDase activity increased significantly during disease presence and returned to normal levels following immunotherapy, which supports previous hypotheses about immune response adjustments leading to successful immunotherapy outcomes.
The Role of NTPDase in Immunity
- The study highlights the role of NTPDase, an enzyme found in lymphocytes that plays a crucial role in immune response. This enzyme breaks down extracellular nucleoside tri and/or diphosphates into AMP to support immune function.
Pythium insidiosum and Pythiosis
- Pythium insidiosum is responsible for pythiosis, a disease with manifestations in animals like horses, dogs, and cats, as well as humans. This parasitic disease is characterized by granulomatous inflammation.
- Most antifungal medications are not effective against this pathogen, necessitating the use of alternative treatment methods, such as immunotherapy.
Basis of Immunotherapy
- The approach to immunotherapy in this context involves injecting afflicted individuals with P. insidiosum antigen. This method has shown success in managing pythiosis in humans and horses.
The Experimental Model and Results
- Rabbits were inoculated with zoospores of P. insidiosum, and then their NTPDase activity was studied. The rabbits were further subjected to immunotherapy, and the relationship between enzyme activity and immune response patterns was investigated.
- The study found that NTPDase activity in lymphocyte cells significantly increased in relation to ATP hydrolysis during the presence of pythiosis, roughly doubling. After immunotherapy, the activity returned to normal values.
- The study’s results strengthens a previously postulated hypothesis that the curative aspect of immunotherapy for pythiosis involves the transition from a Th2 to a Th1 immune response.
Cite This Article
APA
Bach BC, Leal DB, Ruchel JB, Souza Vdo C, Maboni G, Dal Pozzo M, Schlemmer KB, Alves SH, Santurio JM.
(2010).
Immunotherapy for pythiosis: Effect on NTPDase activity in lymphocytes of an experimental model.
Biomed Pharmacother, 64(10), 718-722.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2010.09.016 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Prédio 20, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
- Animals
- Hydrolysis
- Immunotherapy
- Lymphocytes / enzymology
- Male
- Models, Theoretical
- Nucleoside-Triphosphatase / metabolism
- Pythiosis / enzymology
- Pythiosis / immunology
- Pythiosis / therapy
- Pythium
- Rabbits
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Yolanda H, Krajaejun T. History and Perspective of Immunotherapy for Pythiosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021 Sep 26;9(10).
- Inêz-Ferreira TM, Mendoza L, Vilela R, Andrade HM, Haddad JP, Nunes FF, Gondim IM, Guimarães TM, de Toledo VP. A Leishmania murine model to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of Pythium insidiosum proteins. Heliyon 2017 Mar;3(3):e00278.
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