Impact of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Respiration, Antioxidants, and the Muscle Proteome in Thoroughbred Horses.
Abstract: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transfer system and a potent antioxidant. The impact of CoQ10 supplementation on mitochondrial capacities and the muscle proteome is largely unknown. This study determined the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on muscle CoQ10 concentrations, antioxidant balance, the proteome, and mitochondrial respiratory capacities. In a randomized cross-over design, six Thoroughbred horses received 1600 mg/d CoQ10 or no supplement (control) for 30-d periods separated by a 60-d washout. Muscle samples were taken at the end of each period. Muscle CoQ10 and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were determined using mass spectrometry, antioxidant activities by fluorometry, mitochondrial enzyme activities and oxidative stress by colorimetry, and mitochondrial respiratory capacities by high-resolution respirometry. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models with period, supplementation, and period × supplementation as fixed effects and horse as a repeated effect. Proteomics was performed by tandem mass tag 11-plex analysis and permutation testing with FDR < 0.05. Concentrations of muscle CoQ10 ( = 0.07), GSH ( = 0.75), and malondialdehyde ( = 0.47), as well as activities of superoxide dismutase ( = 0.16) and catalase ( = 0.66), did not differ, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity ( = 0.003) was lower when horses received CoQ10 compared to no supplement. Intrinsic (relative to citrate synthase activity) electron transfer capacity with complex II (E) was greater, and the contribution of complex I to maximal electron transfer capacity (FCR and FCR) was lower when horses received CoQ10 with no impact of CoQ10 on mitochondrial volume density. Decreased expression of subunits in complexes I, III, and IV, as well as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes, was noted in proteomics when horses received CoQ10. We conclude that with CoQ10 supplementation, decreased expression of TCA cycle enzymes that produce NADH and complex I subunits, which utilize NADH together with enhanced electron transfer capacity via complex II, supports an enhanced reliance on substrates supplying complex II during mitochondrial respiration.
Publication Date: 2023-01-24 PubMed ID: 36829821PubMed Central: PMC9951987DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020263Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research explores the influence of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on muscle health and performance in thoroughbred horses, focusing specifically on factors such as antioxidant balance, muscle proteins, and respiratory abilities of mitochondria. The findings suggest that CoQ10 supplementation contributes to an increased reliance on substrates supplying complex II during mitochondrial respiration.
Methodology
- The study utilized a randomized cross-over design, where six Thoroughbred horses were either given a supplement of 1600 mg/day of CoQ10 or no supplement (control) over periods of 30 days, separated by a 60-day washout period.
- Tissue samples from the muscles of the horses were gathered at the end of both periods.
- Using various scientific techniques like mass spectrometry, colorimetry, and tandem mass tag 11-plex analysis, different measurements such as muscle CoQ10 concentrations, antioxidant activities, mitochondrial enzyme activities, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial respiratory capacities were determined.
Results
- There was no significant difference in the muscle concentrations of CoQ10, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, and catalase when comparing the supplemented horses to the non-supplemented ones.
- However, the study showed that the activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase was lower when horses received CoQ10 supplementation compared to when they didn’t receive any.
- The horse’s capacity for electron transfer with complex II increased when CoQ10 was supplemented which in turn lowered the contribution of complex I to the maximum electron transfer capacity.
- While the volume density of the mitochondria was unaffected by the supplementation of CoQ10, there was a decrease in the expression of subunits in complexes I, III, and IV, as well as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, as determined by proteomics.
Conclusion
- The researchers inferred that CoQ10 supplementation causes a decrease in the expression of TCA cycle enzymes that produce NADH and complex I subunits which utilize NADH. This alteration promotes enhanced electron transfer capacity via complex II and ultimately an increased reliance on substrates supplying complex II during mitochondrial respiration.
Cite This Article
APA
Henry ML, Wesolowski LT, Pagan JD, Simons JL, Valberg SJ, White-Springer SH.
(2023).
Impact of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Respiration, Antioxidants, and the Muscle Proteome in Thoroughbred Horses.
Antioxidants (Basel), 12(2), 263.
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020263 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Kentucky Equine Research, Versailles, KY 40383, USA.
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Kentucky Equine Research, Versailles, KY 40383, USA.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Grant Funding
- none / Kentucky Equine Research
- none / Mary Anne McPhail Endowment, Michigan State University
Conflict of Interest Statement
Joe Pagan, a co-author, is the president of KER. He was involved in the randomized design, owned the horses used in the study, provided all the product supplementation and funding for care and feeding of the subjects, and partially funded some of the analyses. Pagan had no role in the skeletal muscle data analysis and interpretation; he did review the manuscript prior to submission. KER commercially offers CoQ10 for sale to horse owners.
References
This article includes 30 references
- Bentinger M, Brismar K, Dallner G. The antioxidant role of coenzyme Q.. Mitochondrion 2007 Jun;7 Suppl:S41-50.
- Hargreaves IP. Ubiquinone: cholesterol's reclusive cousin.. Ann Clin Biochem 2003 May;40(Pt 3):207-18.
- Henry ML, Velez-Irizarry D, Pagan JD, Sordillo L, Gandy J, Valberg SJ. The Impact of N-Acetyl Cysteine and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Antioxidants and Proteome in Fit Thoroughbred Horses.. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Oct 30;10(11).
- Barbiroli B, Frassineti C, Martinelli P, Iotti S, Lodi R, Cortelli P, Montagna P. Coenzyme Q10 improves mitochondrial respiration in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies. An in vivo study on brain and skeletal muscle by phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy.. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1997 Jul;43(5):741-9.
- Li C, White SH, Warren LK, Wohlgemuth SE. Effects of aging on mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of American American Quarter Horses.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016 Jul 1;121(1):299-311.
- White SH, Warren LK, Li C, Wohlgemuth SE. Submaximal exercise training improves mitochondrial efficiency in the gluteus medius but not in the triceps brachii of young equine athletes.. Sci Rep 2017 Oct 30;7(1):14389.
- Latham CM, Owen RN, Dickson EC, Guy CP, White-Springer SH. Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Exercise Training in Young and Aged Horses.. Front Aging 2021;2:708918.
- Owen RN, Semanchik PL, Latham CM, Brennan KM, White-Springer SH. Elevated dietary selenium rescues mitochondrial capacity impairment induced by decreased vitamin E intake in young exercising horses.. J Anim Sci 2022 Aug 1;100(8).
- Henneke DR, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Yeates BF. Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares.. Equine Vet J 1983 Oct;15(4):371-2.
- NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Horses: Sixth Revised Edition. The National Academies Press; Washington, DC, USA: 2007.
- White SH, Johnson SE, Bobel JM, Warren LK. Dietary selenium and prolonged exercise alter gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in equine skeletal muscle.. J Anim Sci 2016 Jul;94(7):2867-78.
- Pandey R, Riley CL, Mills EM, Tiziani S. Highly sensitive and selective determination of redox states of coenzymes Q(9) and Q(10) in mice tissues: Application of orbitrap mass spectrometry.. Anal Chim Acta 2018 Jun 29;1011:68-76.
- Latham CM, Fenger CK, White SH. RAPID COMMUNICATION: Differential skeletal muscle mitochondrial characteristics of weanling racing-bred horses1.. J Anim Sci 2019 Jul 3;.
- Spinazzi M, Casarin A, Pertegato V, Salviati L, Angelini C. Assessment of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymatic activities on tissues and cultured cells.. Nat Protoc 2012 May 31;7(6):1235-46.
- Larsen S, Nielsen J, Hansen CN, Nielsen LB, Wibrand F, Stride N, Schroder HD, Boushel R, Helge JW, Dela F, Hey-Mogensen M. Biomarkers of mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of healthy young human subjects.. J Physiol 2012 Jul 15;590(14):3349-60.
- White SH, Warren LK. Submaximal exercise training, more than dietary selenium supplementation, improves antioxidant status and ameliorates exercise-induced oxidative damage to skeletal muscle in young equine athletes.. J Anim Sci 2017 Feb 1;95(2):657-670.
- Wiśniewski JR, Zougman A, Nagaraj N, Mann M. Universal sample preparation method for proteome analysis.. Nat Methods 2009 May;6(5):359-62.
- Nesvizhskii AI, Keller A, Kolker E, Aebersold R. A statistical model for identifying proteins by tandem mass spectrometry.. Anal Chem 2003 Sep 1;75(17):4646-58.
- Shadforth IP, Dunkley TP, Lilley KS, Bessant C. i-Tracker: for quantitative proteomics using iTRAQ.. BMC Genomics 2005 Oct 20;6:145.
- Oberg AL, Mahoney DW, Eckel-Passow JE, Malone CJ, Wolfinger RD, Hill EG, Cooper LT, Onuma OK, Spiro C, Therneau TM, Bergen HR 3rd. Statistical analysis of relative labeled mass spectrometry data from complex samples using ANOVA.. J Proteome Res 2008 Jan;7(1):225-33.
- Bhagavan HN, Chopra RK. Coenzyme Q10: absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics.. Free Radic Res 2006 May;40(5):445-53.
- Cooke M, Iosia M, Buford T, Shelmadine B, Hudson G, Kerksick C, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Leutholtz B, Willoughby D, Kreider R. Effects of acute and 14-day coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise performance in both trained and untrained individuals.. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008 Mar 4;5:8.
- Thueson E, Leadon DP, Heaton R, Hargreaves IP, Bayly WM. Effect of daily supplementation with ubiquinol on muscle coenzyme Q10 concentrations in Thoroughbred racehorses. Comp. Exerc. Physiol. 2019;15:219–226.
- Greenberg S, Frishman WH. Co-enzyme Q10: a new drug for cardiovascular disease.. J Clin Pharmacol 1990 Jul;30(7):596-608.
- Lin BY, Zheng GT, Teng KW, Chang JY, Lee CC, Liao PC, Kao MC. TAT-Conjugated NDUFS8 Can Be Transduced into Mitochondria in a Membrane-Potential-Independent Manner and Rescue Complex I Deficiency.. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Jun 17;22(12).
- Erecińska M, Wilson DF, Miyata Y. Mitochondrial cytochrome b-c complex: its oxidation-reduction components and their stoichiometry.. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976 Nov;177(1):133-43.
- Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, González-García P, Díaz-Casado ME, Barriocanal-Casado E, López-Herrador S, Quinzii CM, López LC. Metabolic Targets of Coenzyme Q10 in Mitochondria.. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Mar 26;10(4).
- Duong QV, Levitsky Y, Dessinger MJ, Strubbe-Rivera JO, Bazil JN. Identifying Site-Specific Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Production Rates From the Mitochondrial Electron Transport System Using a Computational Strategy.. Function (Oxf) 2021;2(6):zqab050.
- Pham T, MacRae CL, Broome SC, D'souza RF, Narang R, Wang HW, Mori TA, Hickey AJR, Mitchell CJ, Merry TL. MitoQ and CoQ10 supplementation mildly suppresses skeletal muscle mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels without impacting mitochondrial function in middle-aged men.. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020 Jul;120(7):1657-1669.
- Williams ZJ, Velez-Irizarry D, Gardner K, Valberg SJ. Integrated proteomic and transcriptomic profiling identifies aberrant gene and protein expression in the sarcomere, mitochondrial complex I, and the extracellular matrix in Warmblood horses with myofibrillar myopathy.. BMC Genomics 2021 Jun 11;22(1):438.
Citations
This article has been cited 0 times.Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
