Improving a Complement-fixation Test for Equine Herpesvirus Type-1 by Pretreating Sera with Potassium Periodate to Reduce Non-specific Hemolysis.
Abstract: Non-specific hemolysis has often been observed during complement-fixation (CF) tests for equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1), even when the sera have virus-specific CF antibodies. This phenomenon has also been reported in CF tests for various infectious diseases of swine. We found that the sera from 22 of 85 field horses (25.9%) showed non-specific hemolysis during conventional CF testing for EHV-1. Because pretreatment of swine sera with potassium periodate (KIO4) improves the CF test for swine influenza, we applied this method to horse sera. As we expected, horse sera treated with KIO4 did not show non-specific hemolysis in the EHV-1 CF test, and precise determination of titers was achieved.
Publication Date: 2013-12-27 PubMed ID: 24834005PubMed Central: PMC4013989DOI: 10.1294/jes.24.71Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research paper discusses the improvement of a diagnostic test called the complement-fixation (CF) test for Equine Herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) through the use of potassium periodate to reduce non-specific hemolysis.
Background on Complement-Fixation Tests, Equine Herpesvirus type 1, and Non-Specific Hemolysis
- A complement-fixation (CF) test is a type of diagnostic testing done in laboratories to determine the presence of specific antibodies in a patient’s blood serum. It works by utilizing the complement system, a part of the immune system. The test is regarded as positive if the complement system is fixed or consumed, indicating the presence of antibody-antigen complexes.
- Equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) is a virus that causes various diseases in horses, including respiratory disease, abortion in pregnant mares, and neurologic disease.
- Non-specific hemolysis refers to the bursting or rupturing of red blood cells, which can pose problems during diagnostic testing. It can lead to false-positive results or make it difficult to accurately determine the titers (concentration) of antibodies or antigens in the sample.
The Problem Observed
- During the CF test for EHV-1, researchers noted that non-specific hemolysis often occurred. This phenomenon also happens with testing for other infectious diseases in swine.
- Among the 85 field horses tested, the researchers observed non-specific hemolysis in 22 horses. This adds up to nearly 26% of the total population sampled.
Potassium Periodate’s Role
- Pretreatment of samples with potassium periodate (KIO4) has been shown to improve CF tests for swine influenza.
- Potassium periodate is a strong oxidizing agent. The most likely reason it reduces hemolysis could be through the oxidation of carbohydrates in the red blood cell membrane, altering their properties and making them more resistant to lysis.
Experiment and Results
- The researchers applied the method of pretreating sera with potassium periodate to horse sera and tested for EHV-1 using the CF test.
- As expected, the horse sera treated with KIO4 did not show non-specific hemolysis. This allowed for a precise determination of titers, significantly improving the accuracy of the test.
Cite This Article
APA
Bannai H, Nemoto M, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T, Matsumura T.
(2013).
Improving a Complement-fixation Test for Equine Herpesvirus Type-1 by Pretreating Sera with Potassium Periodate to Reduce Non-specific Hemolysis.
J Equine Sci, 24(4), 71-74.
https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.24.71 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
References
This article includes 12 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Nemoto M, Ohta M, Yamanaka T, Kokado H, Matsumura T. Epizootiological investigation of equine herpesvirus type 1 infection among Japanese racehorses before and after the replacement of an inactivated vaccine with a modified live vaccine.. BMC Vet Res 2019 Aug 6;15(1):280.
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