In vitro allergy tests compared to intradermal testing in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.
Abstract: Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is a common condition in stabled horses characterised by small airway inflammation, airway neutrophilia and obstruction following exposure of susceptible horses to mouldy hay and straw and is thus regarded as a hypersensitivity reaction to mould spores. However, the role of IgE-mediated reactions in RAO remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate with a serological IgE ELISA test (Allercept), an in vitro sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) release assay (CAST) and with intradermal testing (IDT) whether serum IgE and IgE-mediated reactions against various mould, mite and pollen extracts are associated with RAO. IDT reactions were evaluated at different times in order to detect IgE-mediated immediate type reactions (type I hypersensitivity reactions, 0.5-1 h), immune complex-mediated late type reactions (type III reactions, 4-10 h) and cell-mediated delayed type reactions (type IV hypersensitivity reactions 24-48 h). In the serological test, overall the control horses displayed more positive reactions than the RAO-affected horses but the difference was not significant. Comparison of the measured IgE levels showed that the RAO-affected horses had slightly higher IgE levels against Aspergillus fumigatus than controls (35 and 16 AU, respectively, p<0.05), but all values were below the cut off (150 AU) of the test. In the sLT release assay, seven positive reactions were observed in the RAO-affected horses and four in the controls but this difference was not significant. A significantly higher proportion of late type IDT reactions was observed in RAO-affected horses compared to controls (25 of 238 possible reactions versus 12 of 238 possible reactions, respectively, p<0.05). Interestingly, four RAO-affected but none of the control horses reacted with the recombinant mould allergen A. fumigatus 8 (rAsp f 8, p<0.05), but only late phase and delayed type reactions were observed. In all three tests the majority of the positive reactions was observed with the mite extracts (64%, 74% and 88% of all positive reactions, respectively) but none of the tests showed a significant difference between RAO-affected and control animals. Our findings do not support that IgE-mediated reactions are important in the pathogenesis of RAO. Further studies are needed to investigate whether sensitisation to mite allergens is of clinical relevance in the horse and to understand the role of immune reactions against rAsp f 8.
Publication Date: 2008-10-02 PubMed ID: 19027178DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.021Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Evaluation Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Allergies
- Aspergillus
- Clinical Study
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Immune Response
- Immunoglobulin E
- In Vitro Research
- Inflammation
- Pathogenesis
- Recurrent Airway Obstruction
- Respiratory Disease
- Respiratory Health
- Serological Surveys
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research article investigates the role and significance of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated reactions in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) found in horses. The study uses in-vitro and intradermal methods to investigate if specific allergens influence RAO conditions.
Background of the Research
- RAO is an inflammation and obstruction in the airways of stabled horses due to exposure to mouldy straw or hay believed to be a hypersensitivity reaction to mould spores.
- The purpose of the study was to understand if serum IgE and IgE-mediated reactions against various allergens such as mould, mite, and pollen extracts play any role in RAO.
- To evaluate this, the research used in vitro sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) release assay, serological IgE ELISA test, and intradermal testing (IDT) at different time intervals to detect immediate, late, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
Research Method and Findings
- For the serological IgE ELISA test, the results displayed that control horses had more positive reactions than RAO-affected horses, however, the difference wasn’t significant. The IgE levels to Aspergillus fumigatus were relatively higher in RAO-affected horses than in controls but still fell below the cut-off (150 AU) of the test.
- The sLT release assay observed seven positive reactions in RAO-affected horses and four in controls. However, the difference was again not significant.
- In IDT methods, significantly higher late-phase reactions were observed in RAO-affected horses compared to controls. However, immediate type reactions (type I hypersensitivity) were not detected.
- Interestingly, four RAO-affected horses, but none of the controls, reacted with the recombinant mould allergen Aspergillus fumigatus 8. However, only late-phase and delayed reactions were observed.
- In all tests, the majority of positive reactions were observed with mite extracts, however, none of the tests showed any significant difference between RAO-affected and control animals.
Conclusion of the Research
- Based on the research findings, the authors concluded that there isn’t adequate evidence to support the significance of IgE-mediated reactions in the pathogenesis of RAO.
- The higher proportion of late-type IDT reactions in RAO-affected horses does not provide sufficient grounds to establish a clear connection between IgE-mediated reactions and RAO.
- Going forward, more studies are necessary to understand if sensitisation to mite allergens is clinically relevant in horses and to comprehend the role of immune reactions against Aspergillus fumigatus 8.
Cite This Article
APA
Tahon L, Baselgia S, Gerber V, Doherr MG, Straub R, Robinson NE, Marti E.
(2008).
In vitro allergy tests compared to intradermal testing in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 127(1-2), 85-93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.021 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Division of Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
MeSH Terms
- Airway Obstruction / diagnosis
- Airway Obstruction / immunology
- Airway Obstruction / veterinary
- Allergens
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Immunoglobulin E / blood
- Immunologic Tests / veterinary
- In Vitro Techniques
- Intradermal Tests / veterinary
- Male
- Recurrence
Citations
This article has been cited 20 times.- Pessoa VC, Branco-Ferreira M, Jónsdóttir S, Marti E, Tilley P. Comparison of Skin Prick Tests (SPT), Intradermal Tests (IDT) and In Vitro Tests in the Characterization of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH) in a Population of Lusitano Horses: Contribution for Future Implementation of SPT in IBH Diagnosis. Animals (Basel) 2023 Aug 28;13(17).
- Wyler M, Sage SE, Marti E, White S, Gerber V. Protein microarray allergen profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of horses with asthma. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Jan;37(1):328-337.
- Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Alberti E, Conturba B, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 13;11(7).
- Wilkołek P, Szczepanik M, Sitkowski W, Rodzik B, Pluta M, Taszkun I, Gołyński M. Evaluation of multiple allergen simultaneous (sIgE) testing compared to intradermal testing in the etiological diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in horses. J Vet Sci 2019 Nov;20(6):e60.
- White SJ, Moore-Colyer M, Marti E, Hannant D, Gerber V, Coüetil L, Richard EA, Alcocer M. Antigen array for serological diagnosis and novel allergen identification in severe equine asthma. Sci Rep 2019 Oct 23;9(1):15170.
- Sheats MK, Davis KU, Poole JA. Comparative Review of Asthma in Farmers and Horses. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019 Oct 10;19(11):50.
- White S, Moore-Colyer M, Marti E, Coüetil L, Hannant D, Richard EA, Alcocer M. Development of a comprehensive protein microarray for immunoglobulin E profiling in horses with severe asthma. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Sep;33(5):2327-2335.
- Bond S, Léguillette R, Richard EA, Couetil L, Lavoie JP, Martin JG, Pirie RS. Equine asthma: Integrative biologic relevance of a recently proposed nomenclature. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Nov;32(6):2088-2098.
- Einhorn L, Hofstetter G, Brandt S, Hainisch EK, Fukuda I, Kusano K, Scheynius A, Mittermann I, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Valenta R, Marti E, Rhyner C, Crameri R, Satoh R, Teshima R, Tanaka A, Sato H, Matsuda H, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen-Jarolim E. Molecular allergen profiling in horses by microarray reveals Fag e 2 from buckwheat as a frequent sensitizer. Allergy 2018 Jul;73(7):1436-1446.
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- Sabban S, Ye H, Helm B. Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI. J Vis Exp 2014 Nov 1;(93):e52222.
- Sarmiento J, Perez B, Morales N, Henriquez C, Vidal L, Folch H, Galecio JS, Morán G. Apoptotic effects of tamoxifen on leukocytes from horse peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Vet Res Commun 2013 Dec;37(4):333-8.
- Moran G, Folch H, Henriquez C, Ortloff A, Barria M. Reaginic antibodies from horses with recurrent airway obstruction produce mast cell stimulation. Vet Res Commun 2012 Dec;36(4):251-8.
- Moran G, Buechner-Maxwell VA, Folch H, Henriquez C, Galecio JS, Perez B, Carrasco C, Barria M. Increased apoptosis of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in the airways of horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Vet Res Commun 2011 Oct;35(7):447-56.
- Morán G, Folch H, Araya O, Burgos R, Barria M. Detection of reaginic antibodies against Faenia rectivirgula from the serum of horses affected with Recurrent Airway Obstruction by an in vitro bioassay. Vet Res Commun 2010 Dec;34(8):719-26.
- Morán G, Burgos R, Araya O, Folch H. In vitro bioassay to detect reaginic antibodies from the serum of horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction. Vet Res Commun 2010 Jan;34(1):91-9.
- Schnabel CL, Jentsch MC, Lübke S, Kaiser-Thom S, Gerber V, Vrtala S, Huang HJ, Rhyner C, Wagner B, Hoffmann R, Volke D. Immunoproteomics reveal increased serum IgG3/5 binding to Dermatophagoides and yeast protein antigens in severe equine asthma in a preliminary study. Front Immunol 2023;14:1293684.
- Simões J, Tilley P. Decision Making in Severe Equine Asthma-Diagnosis and Monitoring. Animals (Basel) 2023 Dec 16;13(24).
- White SJ, Couetil L, Richard EA, Marti E, Wilson PB. Microarray molecular mapping of horses with severe asthma. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Jan-Feb;38(1):477-484.
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